Test Paper - Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Q1. Study of the internal structure of plants is called:

Explanation: The chapter defines anatomy as the study of internal structure and functional organisation of higher plants.[file:1]

Q2. In flowering plants, cells are organised into tissues, and tissues into:

Explanation: The text states that cells are organised into tissues and in turn the tissues are organised into organs.[file:1]

Q3. How many main tissue systems are recognised on the basis of structure and location in the plant body?

Explanation: On the basis of structure and location, there are three types of tissue systems: epidermal, ground and vascular.[file:1]

Q4. Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue system of flowering plants?

Explanation: The three basic tissue systems mentioned are epidermal, ground and vascular; secretory tissue system is not listed as a separate system.[file:1]

Q5. The epidermal tissue system forms the:

Explanation: The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body.[file:1]

Q6. Epidermal tissue system comprises epidermal cells, stomata and:

Explanation: It comprises epidermal cells, stomata and the epidermal appendages – the trichomes and hairs.[file:1]

Q7. Epidermis of the primary plant body is usually:

Explanation: Epidermis is usually single-layered, made of compactly arranged cells forming a continuous layer.[file:1]

Q8. Epidermal cells are generally:

Explanation: Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole.[file:1]

Q9. The waxy thick layer covering the outer side of epidermis is called:

Explanation: The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the cuticle.[file:1]

Q10. Cuticle is generally absent in:

Explanation: The text clearly mentions that cuticle is absent in roots.[file:1]

Q11. Stomata occur mainly in the:

Explanation: Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves.[file:1]

Q12. The primary function of stomata is to regulate:

Explanation: Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange.[file:1]

Q13. Each stoma is bordered by:

Explanation: Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as guard cells enclosing the stomatal pore.[file:1]

Q14. In grasses, guard cells are characteristically:

Explanation: In grasses, the guard cells are described as dumb-bell shaped.[file:1]

Q15. The inner walls of guard cells (towards the stomatal pore) are:

Explanation: The inner walls towards the stomatal pore are highly thickened, while the outer walls are thin.[file:1]

Q16. Which cells associated with stomata may become specialised in shape and size and are called subsidiary cells?

Explanation: A few epidermal cells in the vicinity of guard cells become specialised and are known as subsidiary cells.[file:1]

Q17. Stomatal aperture, guard cells and surrounding subsidiary cells together form the:

Explanation: The combination is termed stomatal apparatus.[file:1]

Q18. Root hairs are:

Explanation: Root hairs are unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells.[file:1]

Q19. Root hairs primarily help in:

Explanation: Root hairs help absorb water and minerals from the soil.[file:1]

Q20. Epidermal hairs on the stem are called:

Explanation: On the stem the epidermal hairs are called trichomes.[file:1]

Q21. In the shoot system, trichomes are usually:

Explanation: Trichomes in the shoot system are usually multicellular.[file:1]

Q22. A major function of trichomes on the shoot is:

Explanation: Trichomes help in preventing water loss due to transpiration.[file:1]

Q23. All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the:

Explanation: The ground tissue system consists of all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles.[file:1]

Q24. Ground tissue consists mainly of which simple tissues?

Explanation: Ground tissue consists of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.[file:1]

Q25. In leaves, the ground tissue consisting of thin-walled chloroplast-containing cells is called:

Explanation: In leaves, the ground tissue is called mesophyll.[file:1]

Q26. The vascular tissue system is formed by:

Explanation: The vascular system consists of complex tissues, the phloem and the xylem.[file:1]

Q27. Xylem and phloem together constitute:

Explanation: The xylem and phloem together constitute vascular bundles.[file:1]

Q28. In dicot stems, the presence of cambium between xylem and phloem makes the vascular bundles:

Explanation: Dicot stems have cambium between phloem and xylem, making the vascular bundles open.[file:1]

Q29. Vascular bundles of monocot stems are called closed because:

Explanation: In monocotyledons, vascular bundles have no cambium and thus do not form secondary tissues, hence are closed.[file:1]

Q30. When xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along different radii, the arrangement is:

Explanation: The arrangement with xylem and phloem alternately along different radii, as in roots, is called radial.[file:1]

Q31. In conjoint vascular bundles, xylem and phloem are:

Explanation: In conjoint bundles, xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius.[file:1]

Q32. Conjoint vascular bundles are commonly found in:

Explanation: Conjoint vascular bundles are common in stems and leaves.[file:1]

Q33. In most conjoint vascular bundles of stems and leaves, phloem is usually located:

Explanation: Conjoint vascular bundles usually have the phloem located only on the outer side of xylem.[file:1]

Q34. The outermost layer of a dicot root is called:

Explanation: The outermost layer in the transverse section of dicot root is epiblema.[file:1]

Q35. Many cells of epiblema in roots protrude as:

Explanation: Many epiblema cells protrude in the form of unicellular root hairs.[file:1]

Q36. The cortex of dicot root consists of several layers of:

Explanation: Cortex has several layers of thin-walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces.[file:1]

Q37. The innermost layer of cortex in roots is called:

Explanation: The innermost layer of the cortex is called endodermis.[file:1]

Q38. Walls of endodermal cells in roots show deposition of suberin in the form of:

Explanation: Tangential and radial walls of endodermal cells have suberin deposition as Casparian strips.[file:1]

Q39. The layer just inside the endodermis in roots, consisting of a few layers of thick-walled cells, is called:

Explanation: Next to the endodermis lies pericycle, a few layers of thick-walled parenchymatous cells.[file:1]

Q40. Lateral roots and vascular cambium during secondary growth in dicot roots originate from:

Explanation: Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during secondary growth takes place in pericycle cells.[file:1]

Q41. In dicot roots, parenchymatous cells between xylem and phloem are called:

Explanation: Parenchyma lying between xylem and phloem is called conjunctive tissue.[file:1]

Q42. All tissues inner to endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith together constitute the:

Explanation: All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis constitute the stele.[file:1]

Q43. Compared to dicot roots, monocot roots typically have:

Explanation: Monocot roots usually possess more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles.[file:1]

Q44. Pith in monocot roots is:

Explanation: In monocot roots, pith is large and well developed, unlike in dicot roots.[file:1]

Q45. Monocotyledonous roots do NOT normally undergo:

Explanation: The chapter mentions that monocotyledonous roots do not undergo any secondary growth.[file:1]

Q46. In a young dicot stem, the outermost protective layer is:

Explanation: The transverse section shows epidermis as the outermost protective layer of the stem.[file:1]

Q47. In dicot stem, the hypodermis is mainly formed of:

Explanation: The outer hypodermis consists of a few layers of collenchymatous cells below the epidermis.[file:1]

Q48. Function of hypodermal collenchyma in dicot stems is mainly:

Explanation: Hypodermal collenchyma provides mechanical strength to the young stem.[file:1]

Q49. The innermost layer of cortex in dicot stem, rich in starch grains, is called:

Explanation: The innermost cortical layer is endodermis, rich in starch grains and called starch sheath.[file:1]

Q50. In dicot stem, pericycle occurs:

Explanation: Pericycle is present on the inner side of the endodermis and above the phloem as sclerenchymatous patches.[file:1]

Q51. The medullary rays in dicot stems are formed of:

Explanation: Medullary rays are a few layers of radially placed parenchymatous cells between vascular bundles.[file:1]

Q52. Ring arrangement of vascular bundles is a characteristic feature of:

Explanation: A large number of vascular bundles arranged in a ring is characteristic of dicot stem.[file:1]

Q53. Each vascular bundle in dicot stem is:

Explanation: Each dicot stem bundle is conjoint, open and with endarch protoxylem.[file:1]

Q54. The central region of dicot stem, occupied by rounded parenchymatous cells with intercellular spaces, is the:

Explanation: The central portion occupied by parenchymatous cells with spaces is the pith.[file:1]

Q55. In monocot stem, the hypodermis is mainly:

Explanation: The monocot stem has a sclerenchymatous hypodermis.[file:1]

Q56. In monocot stem, vascular bundles are:

Explanation: Monocot stem has a large number of scattered vascular bundles.[file:1]

Q57. Each vascular bundle in monocot stem is surrounded by:

Explanation: Each monocot stem bundle is surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.[file:1]

Q58. Vascular bundles in monocot stem are:

Explanation: Monocot stem vascular bundles are conjoint and closed.[file:1]

Q59. In monocot stem, which tissue is absent from phloem?

Explanation: The phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot stem bundles.[file:1]

Q60. Water-containing cavities in monocot stem are located:

Explanation: The description notes that water-containing cavities are present within the vascular bundles of monocot stems.[file:1]

Q61. The three main parts seen in vertical section of a dorsiventral (dicot) leaf are:

Explanation: A dorsiventral leaf shows epidermis, mesophyll and vascular system.[file:1]

Q62. The epidermis covering the upper surface of a dicot leaf is termed:

Explanation: Upper surface epidermis is adaxial; lower is abaxial.[file:1]

Q63. In a typical dicot leaf, more stomata are present on:

Explanation: Abaxial epidermis generally bears more stomata; adaxial may even lack stomata.[file:1]

Q64. The tissue between upper and lower epidermis of a leaf is called:

Explanation: The tissue between the two epidermal surfaces is mesophyll.[file:1]

Q65. Mesophyll cells mainly perform:

Explanation: Mesophyll possesses chloroplasts and carries out photosynthesis.[file:1]

Q66. Mesophyll of a dicot leaf is composed of:

Explanation: Mesophyll has two types of cells: palisade and spongy parenchyma.[file:1]

Q67. Palisade parenchyma cells in a dicot leaf are:

Explanation: Palisade parenchyma is made of elongated cells arranged vertically and parallel.[file:1]

Q68. Spongy parenchyma in dicot leaf is characterised by:

Explanation: Spongy parenchyma is oval/round and loosely arranged with numerous large spaces and air cavities.[file:1]

Q69. Vascular bundles in dicot leaves occur in:

Explanation: Vascular bundles can be seen in the veins and the midrib.[file:1]

Q70. Vascular bundles in dicot leaves are surrounded by a layer of:

Explanation: Vascular bundles are surrounded by a layer of thick-walled bundle sheath cells.[file:1]

Q71. In isobilateral (monocot) leaves, stomata are present:

Explanation: In an isobilateral leaf, stomata are present on both surfaces of the epidermis.[file:1]

Q72. In isobilateral leaves, mesophyll is:

Explanation: In monocot isobilateral leaves, mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.[file:1]

Q73. Bulliform cells are:

Explanation: Certain adaxial epidermal cells along veins in grasses become large, empty, colourless and are called bulliform cells.[file:1]

Q74. When bulliform cells become flaccid due to water stress, leaves:

Explanation: When bulliform cells are flaccid, they make leaves curl inwards to minimise water loss.[file:1]

Q75. The parallel venation of monocot leaves is reflected anatomically by:

Explanation: Parallel venation is reflected in near similar sizes of vascular bundles except in main veins.[file:1]

Q76. Assertion: Epidermis in primary plant body is usually single-layered. Reason: Epidermal cells are compactly arranged to form a continuous layer.

Explanation: The chapter states that epidermis is usually single-layered and made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells forming a continuous layer.[file:1]

Q77. Assertion: Cuticle is absent in roots. Reason: Cuticle prevents excessive absorption of water in roots.

Explanation: Assertion is true as the text states cuticle is absent in roots, but cuticle is described as preventing loss of water, not absorption; thus the reason is false.[file:1]

Q78. Assertion: Trichomes on stems may be secretory. Reason: Trichomes only provide mechanical strength and are always non-secretory.

Explanation: The text mentions that trichomes may even be secretory, so the assertion is true, while the reason contradicts this and is false.[file:1]

Q79. Assertion: Ground tissue system forms the main bulk of the plant. Reason: Ground tissue includes cortex, pericycle and pith in many organs.

Explanation: The summary states that ground tissue forms the main bulk and is divided into cortex, pericycle and pith, making both statements true and explanatory.[file:1]

Q80. Assertion: Conjoint vascular bundles are common in stems and leaves. Reason: In such bundles, xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius.

Explanation: The chapter notes that conjoint bundles occur in stems and leaves, where xylem and phloem are along the same radius.[file:1]

Q81. Assertion: Monocotyledonous roots do not show secondary growth. Reason: Their vascular bundles lack cambium.

Explanation: The text states that monocot roots do not undergo secondary growth and monocot bundles are closed, lacking cambium.[file:1]

Q82. Assertion: In dicot stems, vascular bundles are open. Reason: They contain a cambium between xylem and phloem that can form secondary tissues.

Explanation: Open bundles in dicot stems have cambium between xylem and phloem capable of forming secondary xylem and phloem.[file:1]

Q83. Assertion: The endodermis of dicot stems is also called starch sheath. Reason: Its cells are rich in starch grains.

Explanation: The innermost cortical layer is called starch sheath because its cells are rich in starch grains.[file:1]

Q84. Assertion: In dicot leaves, palisade parenchyma is located on the adaxial side. Reason: Palisade cells receive more light and are important for photosynthesis.

Explanation: The text clearly places palisade parenchyma adaxially; its role in photosynthesis is logical but not explicitly stated as the explanation, so both are true but not strictly explained.[file:1]

Q85. Assertion: Spongy parenchyma of dicot leaves has numerous air spaces. Reason: These air spaces facilitate gaseous exchange within the leaf.

Explanation: The chapter describes large spaces and air cavities in spongy parenchyma; facilitation of gas exchange is inferred but not directly given as the stated reason.[file:1]

Q86. Match the tissue system with its main components: A. Epidermal tissue system B. Ground tissue system C. Vascular tissue system 1. Epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes 2. Cortex, pericycle, pith 3. Xylem, phloem

Explanation: The summary lists epidermal system (epidermal cells, stomata, appendages), ground system (cortex, pericycle, pith) and vascular system (xylem and phloem).[file:1]

Q87. Match the organ with a key anatomical feature: A. Monocot root B. Dicot root C. Monocot stem D. Dicot stem 1. Polyarch xylem, large pith 2. Small or inconspicuous pith 3. Scattered closed vascular bundles 4. Ring of open vascular bundles

Explanation: Monocot root: polyarch xylem and large pith; dicot root: small pith; monocot stem: scattered closed bundles; dicot stem: ring of open bundles.[file:1]

Q88. Match the tissue/structure with its location: A. Bulliform cells B. Casparian strips C. Starch sheath D. Conjunctive tissue 1. Adaxial epidermis of grass leaves 2. Endodermis of roots 3. Endodermis of dicot stem 4. Between xylem and phloem in dicot root

Explanation: Bulliform cells in grass adaxial epidermis, Casparian strips in root endodermis, starch sheath as stem endodermis, conjunctive tissue between xylem and phloem in dicot root.[file:1]

Q89. Match the organ type with its leaf anatomy: A. Dorsiventral leaf B. Isobilateral leaf 1. Mesophyll differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma 2. Mesophyll not differentiated; stomata on both surfaces

Explanation: Dorsiventral (dicot) leaf has differentiated mesophyll; isobilateral (monocot) leaf has undifferentiated mesophyll with stomata on both surfaces.[file:1]

Q90. Regarding epidermal tissue system, which statements are correct? 1. It forms the outermost covering of the whole plant body. 2. It includes stomata and trichomes. 3. It forms the main bulk of the plant body.

Explanation: It forms the outer covering and includes stomata and appendages; bulk of the plant is formed by ground tissue, not epidermal tissue.[file:1]

Q91. Regarding ground tissue in stems and roots, which statements are correct? 1. It consists mainly of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. 2. Cortex, pericycle, pith and medullary rays are parts of ground tissue. 3. It is completely absent in leaves.

Explanation: Ground tissue consists of simple tissues and includes cortex, pericycle, pith, rays; in leaves it forms mesophyll, so it is not absent.[file:1]

Q92. Regarding dicot roots, which statements are correct? 1. Epiblema is the outermost layer. 2. Endodermis has Casparian strips. 3. Pith is large and well developed.

Explanation: Dicot roots have epiblema and endodermis with Casparian strips, but pith is small or inconspicuous.[file:1]

Q93. Regarding monocot stems, which statements are correct? 1. Vascular bundles are scattered in the ground tissue. 2. Each bundle is surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. 3. Phloem parenchyma is absent.

Explanation: Monocot stem has scattered bundles, each with sclerenchymatous sheath and no phloem parenchyma.[file:1]

Q94. Regarding dicot stems, which statements are correct? 1. Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. 2. Each vascular bundle is conjoint and open. 3. Endodermis is rich in starch grains.

Explanation: Dicot stem shows ring arrangement, conjoint open bundles and a starch sheath (endodermis rich in starch).[file:1]

Q95. Regarding dorsiventral dicot leaves, which statements are correct? 1. Abaxial epidermis usually has more stomata. 2. Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma. 3. Bundle sheath surrounds the vascular bundles.

Explanation: All three features are explicitly described for dorsiventral leaves.[file:1]

Q96. Regarding isobilateral monocot leaves, which statements are correct? 1. Stomata are present on both surfaces of the leaf. 2. Mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy. 3. Bulliform cells occur in abaxial epidermis along the veins.

Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 match the text; bulliform cells are described in adaxial epidermis along the veins, not abaxial.[file:1]

Q97. Which one of the following plant tissue types is correctly matched with a function mentioned in the chapter?

Explanation: Ground tissue participates in storage and, along with other tissues, mechanical support; vascular tissue is for transport, epidermis is protective, meristematic for growth.[file:1]

Q98. Secondary growth commonly occurs in:

Explanation: The summary notes that secondary growth occurs in most dicotyledonous roots and stems.[file:1]

Q99. Which feature best distinguishes monocot and dicot stems anatomically as per the chapter?

Explanation: Monocot and dicot stems differ in presence of cambium (open vs closed bundles) and in ring vs scattered arrangement of bundles.[file:1]

Q100. According to the summary, plant tissues are broadly classified into:

Explanation: The summary states that plant tissues are broadly classified into meristematic (apical, lateral, intercalary) and permanent (simple, complex).[file:1]

Plant Anatomy

MCQ Practice Paper