Q1. Nutrients absorbed by the blood capillaries of intestinal villi first go into
[1999]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Nutrients absorbed by the blood capillaries of intestinal villi first go into liver through hepatic portal vein.
Q2. Which one of the following is a protein deficiency disease?
[1998]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease.
Q3. Which cells of “Crypts of Lieberkuhn” secrete antibacterial lysozyme ?
[[2017]]
Correct Answer: (a)
Paneth cells secrete lysozyme which acts as anti-bacterial agent, into the lumen of intestine. Kupffer-cells are phagocytic cells present in liver. Zymogen cells are enzyme producing cells which are secreted by pancreas. Argentaffin cells are hormone producing cells.
Q4. Secretion of gastric juice is stopped by
[1993]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Enterogastrone is a hormone secreted by intestinal mucosa and it has an inhibitory effect on gastric juice from gastric glands in stomach.
Q5. Which of the following statements is not correct?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Duodenum contains Brunner's glands which secrete mucus and digestive juices. They are not present in the stomach mucosa.
Q6. Which one of the following is a matching pair of a vitamin and the deficiency disease related with it ?
[1996]
Q7. Match the following structures with their respective location in organs:
Structure
Location
(A) Crypts of Lieberkuhn
(i) Pancreas
(B) Glisson's capsule
(ii) Duodenum
(C) Islets of Langerhans
(iii) Small intestine
(D) Brunner's glands
(iv) Liver
Select the correct option from the following:
[2019]
Correct Answer: (b)
Crypts of Lieberkuhn are tubular glands in the small intestine (iii). Glisson's capsule is the connective tissue sheath of the liver (iv). Islets of Langerhans are endocrine tissues in the pancreas (i). Brunner's glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum (ii).
Q8. Which enzymes are likely to act on the baked potatoes eaten by a man, starting from the mouth and as it moves down the alimentary canal?
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Chemical process of digestion starts in the oral cavity by the hydrolytic action of the carbohydrate splitting enzyme, the salivary amylase. Carbohydrates in the chyme are hydrolysed by pancreatic amylase into disaccharides.
Q9. Where is protein digestion accomplished?
[1991]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Protein digestion starts in the stomach with the action of enzyme pepsin. In the duodenum it is performed by the action of trypsin, chymotrypsin & carboxypeptidases (from pancreatic juice). Amino-peptidases & dipeptidases, enterokinase act in jejunum and it ends in the ileum.
Q10. Prolonged deficiency of nicotinic acid produces
[1994]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Pellagra is produced by prolonged deficiency of nicotinic acid.
Q11. Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys
[2007]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Lysozyme is an antibacterial agent which is secreted by the major salivary glands.
Q12. Which one of the following is a matching pair of a substrate and its particular digestive enzyme?
[1996]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Fat is mainly digested by pancreatic lipase while protein is digested by enzymes in pancreatic juice, intestinal juice and stomach.
Q13. Pancreatic juice and hormones of pancreas are produced by
[1990]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Pancreas consists mainly of large lobules / acini / alveoli and secretes pancreatic juice. In between the acini, randomly spread endocrine cells are present known as Islets of Langerhans which consist of a, b, and F cells & secrete insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin hormones.
Q14. Secretin and cholecystokinin are two hormones involved in digestion. They are secreted by
[1999]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Duodenum.
Q15. Duodenum has characteristic Brunner's gland which secrete two hormones called
[2004]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Secretin released by duodenal cells inhibits movement in gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes.
Q16. Where do certain symbiotic micro-organisms normally occur in human body?
[2012M]
Correct Answer: (a)
The caecum is a pouch-like portion of the large intestine which hosts some symbiotic micro-organisms. The caecum absorbs water and salts from undigested foods before they continue on to the large intestine.
Q17. A patient is generally advised to specially, consume more meat, lentils, milk and eggs in diet only when he suffers from
[2005]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) A child may have a diet containing sufficient carbohydrates and fats but still suffers a serious form of malnutrition. This form of malnutrition is known as Kwashiorkor. It develops in children whose diets are deficient in protein.
Q18. One of the constituents of the pancreatic juice while poured into the duodenum in humans, is:
[2011M]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Trypsinegen it is inactive form and we know that all enzymes of pancreas are secreted in this form. Enzyme enterokinase is secreted from the duodenal mucosa, at the chemical stage that changes the inactive pancreatic secretion trypsinogen to trypsin.
Q19. Release of pancreatic juice is stimulated by
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Cholecystokinin is a hormone which is secreted by the duodenal wall. It causes the release of bile by the contraction of the gall bladder & increases the enzyme release process of pancreatic cells. Secretin is also a hormone and causes the release of sodium bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice.
Q20. Pancreas produces
[1991]
Correct Answer: (b)
Pancreas produces enzymes (i) trypsinogen which is then activated by enterokinase into active trypsin (ii) chymotrypsinogen which is again an inactive proenzyme, activated by trypsin (iii) procarboxypeptidases which are activated into carboxypeptidases by trypsin and two hormones (a) Insulin (b) Glucagon which control the glucose level in blood.
Q21. Which of the following pair is characterised by swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs and irritability?
[1993]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Pellagra which is characterized by skin inflammation specially thick pigmented skin of hands and legs is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B₃ also known as Nicotinic acid or Nicotinamide.
Q22. The vitamin C or ascorbic acid prevents
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Scurvy is a disease with bleeding gums, thin bones etc. It is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin C.
Q23. The richest sources of vitamin B₁₂ are
[2004]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Goat's liver and Spirulina are the richest sources of vitamin B₁₂.
Q24. Emulsification of fat is carried out by
[1990]
Correct Answer: (b)
Bile salts viz sodium glycocholate & sodium taurocholate (both are organic salts present in bile) reduce the surface tension of large fat globules and break them to fine minute fat droplets. This process is known as emulsification of fats.
Q25. Which group of three of the following five statements (a-e) contain is all three correct statements regarding beri-beri?
(a) a crippling disease prevalant among the native population of sub-Saharan Africa;
(b) a deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B₁)
(c) a nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is persistently deficient in essential protein;
(d) occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice;
(e) the symptoms are pain from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting, progressive oedema, mental deterioration and finally heart failure;
[2005]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Deficiency of vitamin B₁ causes Beri Beri disease. Beri Beri disease was discovered by Eijkman in 1897. He observed that the disease occured mainly in people existing on a polished rice diet. This disease is rare in the western world because of food habits and food enrichment.
Q26. Stool of a person is whitish grey coloured due to malfunction of which of the following organ?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (d)
Stool colour is due to the bile pigments, biliverdine and bilirubin secreted by liver. whitish grey stool colour indicates secretion of biliverdin and bilirubin is not proper from the liver.
Q27. For persons suffering from high blood cholesterol, the physicians recommend
[1996]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Hypercholesterolemia or high blood cholesterol arises due to excess saturated fat in the diet. This results in rise of blood pressure and other cardiac disorders. The disease can be prevented by taking unsaturated oils in the diet i.e. vegetable oils such as groundnut oils. Butter, ghee, animal fats are all rich in saturated fatty acids.
Q28. Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column-I with their absorption site and mechanism in column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
(a) Fructose, Na+
Small intestine, passive absorption
(b) Glycerol, fatty acids
Duodenum, move as chylomicrons
(c) Cholesterol, maltose
Large intestine, active absorption
(d) Glycine, glucose
Small intestine, active absorption
[NEET 2013]
Correct Answer: (d)
Small intestine is the major area of absorption. Glucose and amino acids like glycine are absorbed through the intestinal mucosa into the blood via active absorption (d). Fructose is absorbed by facilitated transport, and fatty acids move as chylomicrons into the lacteals of the small intestine, not the duodenum.
Q29. Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?
[2009]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Fat and cellulose is the pair of food components in human that reaches the stomach totally undigested.
Q30. The primary dentition in human differs from permanent dentition in not having one of the following type of teeth :
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (a)
The dental formula for milk teeth is 2102 / 2102, so premolars are absent in the primary dentition.
Q31. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
[1999]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin. Deficiency causes delayed blood clotting. Beri beri is caused by B₁.
Q32. The food having fully undergone mechanical and chemical digestion inside the stomach, is called
[1999]
Correct Answer: (d)
After mastication, food is converted into a small ball by rolling of the tongue known as bolus. Churning movement of the stomach brings about mechanical breakdown of the food into finer particles. The pulpy mass formed in stomach is called chyme.
Q33. Which one of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin and its related deficiency disease?
[2007]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Fat soluble vitamins are - A, D, E and K and lack of vitamin A causes xerophthalmia.
Q34. Hydrolytic enzymes which act on low pH are called as
[2002]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Proteases catalyze breakdown of proteins and amylases act upon carbohydrates. Hydrolases catalyse hydrolysis.
Q35. In the stomach, gastric acid is secreted by the
[2016]
Correct Answer: (b)
The main constituent of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid which is produced by parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) in the gastric glands in the stomach.
Q36. Which set is correct?
[2001]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Vitamin B₃ or Niacin is a constituent of NAD. Bundle of His is a part of the conducting system of heart conducting cardiac impulse from atria to ventricles.
Q37. A young infant may be feeding entirely on mothers milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. What is this yellow colour due to?
[2009]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Young infant may be feeding entirely on mother's milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish because of the bile pigments passed through bile juice. Bile pigments are any of several coloured compounds derived from porphyrin that are found in bile; principally bilirubin and biliverdin. Bile pigment is produced regularly when old red blood cells are broken down, mainly by the spleen. In some blood-disorders where the red cells are destroyed, more bile pigment is produced.
Q38. One of the factors required for the maturation of erythrocytes is
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for the maturation of erythrocytes.
Q39. Which one of the following enzymes carries out the initial step in the digestion of milk in humans?
[2011]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Rennin is an enzyme that is essential for the protein digestion. It is active in acidic medium and inactive in normal gastric juice of adult.
Q40. A person had to undergo a surgery in which a major portion of his pancreas was removed. Which of the following food constituents will he find especially difficult to digest ?
[1997]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) When a major portion of pancreas is removed, the enzymes that typically digest fat and meat inside the intestine are removed.
Q41. Which one is correctly matched?
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Vitamin E — Tocopherol; Vitamin D — Calciferol; Vitamin B — Riboflavin/Thiamine; Vitamin A — Retinol.
Q42. Which one of the following is the correct matching of a vitamin, its nature and its deficiency disease?
[2004]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Vitamins, A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins.
Q43. The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from :
[2017]
Correct Answer: (c)
In hepatic portal system, hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from intestine.
Q44. Calcium deficiency occurs in the absence of vitamin
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium & phosphorus from gastrointestinal tract. Deficiency causes calcium deficiency.
Q45. Which one of the following correctly represents the normal adult human dental formula ?
[2011M]
Correct Answer: (c)
The normal adult human dental formula is 2/2 incisors, 1/1 canines, 2/2 premolars and 3/3 molars.
Q46. Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?
[2009]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like Na⁺. Carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides (simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose that cannot be further broken down by hydrolysis) or as disaccharides (such as sucrose, lactose, maltose, and dextrin that can be hydrolyzed to two monosaccharides).
Q47. Brunner's glands occur in
[1992]
Correct Answer: (a)
These are the tubulo-alveolar glands present in the submucosa of duodenum only. They secrete an alkaline mucus with very little enzymes & pour their secretion into crypts of Lieberkuhn.
Q48. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
[2003]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Deficiency of vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) causes beri beri.
Q49. In patients affected with cholera, a cholera enterotoxin is produced which results in increased synthesis of intracellular cyclic AMP, which in turn increases the permeability of intestinal mucosa, leading to secretion of fluid throughout the small intestine. Hence the patient is given saline drip whereby Na⁺ ions restore the osmotic balance by retaining water in the body.
[1996, 2000]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) In patients affected with cholera, Na⁺ ions help to retain water in the body. saline drip restore the osmotic balance by retaining water in the body.
Q50. Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by
[2006]
Correct Answer: (b)
Angiotensinogen is a protein secreted by the liver cells.
Q51. Fluoride pollution mainly affects
[2003]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Fluoride pollution mainly affects the teeth. Deficiency causes weak teeth and excess causes mottling of teeth or fluorosis.
Q52. A healthy person eats the following diet - 5 gm raw sugar, 4 gm albumin, 10 gm pure buffalo ghee adulterated with 2 gm vegetable ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) and 5 gm lignin. How many calories he is likely to get?
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Physiological value of carbohydrates is 4.0 kcal/g, proteins 4.0 kcal/g and of fats is 9.0 kcal/g. Hence,
5 g raw sugar will yield 5 × 4.0 = 20.0 kcal
4 g albumin (protein) will yield 4 × 4.0 = 16.0 kcal
10 + 2 g of fat will yield 12 × 9.0 = 108.0 kcal
Total yield = 144 kcal.
Q53. An adolescent human below 17 years of age normally has dental formula as
[1999]
Correct Answer: (d)
In humans below 17 years of age, the third molars (wisdom teeth) are absent, so the dental formula is incisors 2/2, canines 1/1, premolars 2/2 and molars 2/2.
Q54. Duct leading from parotid gland and opening into vestibule is
[1988]
Correct Answer: (b)
A pair of parotid glands (the largest salivary glands) present in the cheeks just under the ears open in the vestibule (a narrow, groove like space which separates the gums from lips and cheeks) by the parotid ducts also known as Stensen's duct.
Q55. The haemorrhagic disease of new born is caused due to the deficiency of
[2002]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Vitamin K is also called anti-haemorrhagic factor or phylloquinone. Its deficiency causes delayed blood clotting.
Q56. Renin acts on
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Rennin acts on milk protein casein & changes it into paracasein spontaneously precipitating into insoluble calcium paracaseinate, forming solid curd or coagulated milk. Rennin is present in the gastric juice and hence works in highly acidic pH (due to HCl) (about 1-3 pH) and is absent in adult human being.
Q57. Most of the fat digestion occurs in
[1993]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Although traces of fat digesting enzyme (gastric lipase) have been reported but due to its very little concentration, it is unable to start fat digestion in stomach. Fat digestion starts in duodenum with the help of bile salts & pancreatic juice but completes in small intestine.
Q58. The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by
[2014]
Correct Answer: (c)
Rennin (also called chymosin) is an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice and is a constituent of rennet. It coagulates milk by converting caseinogen to casein. The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by rennin.
Q59. Secretin and cholecystokinin are digestive hormones. They are secreted in :
[2005]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted in the duodenum. They provide stimulus to (i) Secretin : Acidic chyme entry into duodenum (ii) CCK-PZ : Presence of fat in duodenum. Their action involves: (i) Secretin : Releases bicarbonates in the pancreatic juice. (ii) CCK-PZ : contracts the gall bladder to release bile. Stimulating pancreas to secrete and release digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice.
Q60. The enzyme enterokinase helps in conversion of
[2020]
Correct Answer: (a)
The correct option is (a) because trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal mucosa into active trypsin. Trypsinogen is a zymogen from pancreas.
Q61. Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have on their surface:
[2005]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Presence of microvilli on the epithelial cells of intestine increases the surface area for absorption of food.
Q62. Kupffer's cells occur in
[1993]
Correct Answer: (d)
Kupffer's cells or stellate cells are active phagocytic cells present in the liver. They engulf the worn out and dead RBCs & break down haemoglobin. They are hepatic macrophages.
Q63. The contraction of gall bladder is due to
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
Secretin released by duodenum inhibits movements in the gastrontestinal tract. Enterogasterone inhibits digestive activity of stomach. Gastrin stimulates secretion of HCl. Cholecystokinin (CCK) causes contraction of gall bladder.
Q64. Gastric juice of infants contains :
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (b)
Gastric juice of infants contains pepsinogen, lipase and rennin. Gastric juice does not contain amylase, maltase & nuclease.
Q65. Which one of the following vitamins can be synthesized by bacteria inside the gut?
[1997]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Vitamin B₁ is a water soluble vitamin, obtained partly from intestinal bacteria and partly from diet.
Q66. The hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice is
[1998]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Enterogasterone reduces digestive activity of stomach. Renin is secreted by kidney and regulates blood pressure. Enterokinase activates trypsinogen to trypsin. Gastrin stimulates secretion of gastric juice.
Q67. Wharton's duct is associated with
[1988]
Correct Answer: (c)
A pair of submaxillary glands lie at the angles of lower jaw open by submaxillary ducts also known as Wharton's ducts. They open under the tongue behind the lower incisor of its sides. These glands are present in most mammals but absent in rabbit & horses. They mostly secrete mucus of saliva.
Q68. Vitamin K is required for
[1993]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin in liver cells.
Q69. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
[2004]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Deficiency of pyridoxine (Vit B₆) causes dermatitis, anaemia, convulsions, nausea, vomiting and mental disorders.
Q70. A person deficient in the rhodopsin should be advised to take more of
[2000]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Vitamin A is essential for the synthesis of retinal pigment, rhodopsin. Carrot and ripe papaya are good sources of Vitamin A.
Q71. Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (b)
Facilitated transport is a form of passive transport in which materials are moved across the plasma membrane by a transport protein down their concentration gradient; hence, it does not require energy.
Q72. Secretin stimulates production of
[1990]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) Pancreatic juice secretion is regulated by the hormone secretin, which is produced by the walls of the duodenum upon detection of acid in food, proteins, and fats.
Q73. Which one of the following is the correct matching of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product?
[2008]
Correct Answer: (b)
Small intestine - Starch → Disaccharide (maltose). Small intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal between the stomach and large intestine. It is subdivided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It plays an essential role in the final digestion and absorption of food.
Q74. Which of the following terms describe human dentition?
[2018]
Correct Answer: (b)
In thecodont teeth are present in the sockets of the jaw bone called alveoli. In diphyodont teeth erupts twice, temporary milk or deciduous teeth are replaced by a set of permanent or adult teeth. In heterodont dentition it consists of different types of teeth namely incisors, canine, premolars and molars.
Q75. When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from:
[2009]
Correct Answer: (d)
(d) If breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from Marasmus. It is a form of malnutrition that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet.
Q76. Which of the following guards the opening of hepatopancreatic duct into the duodenum ?
[2016]
Correct Answer: (d)
The sphincter of Oddi (or hepatopancreatic sphincter) is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum.
Q77. Identify the cells whose secretion protects the lining of gastro-intestinal tract from various enzymes.
[2019]
Correct Answer: (b)
Goblet cells secretes mucus. It is secreted along entire digestive tract where it lubricates food and lining, coats lining and protects it from mechanical digestion from acid and digestive enzymes.
Q78. The daily dietary requirement of a moderately active adult individual is approximately
[1999]
Correct Answer: (d)
The daily dietary requirement of a moderately active adult individual is approximately 2,500 k cal.
Q79. If for some reason our goblet cells are nonfunctional, this will adversely affect:
[2010]
Correct Answer: (d)
Goblet cells, found in the intestinal mucosal epithelium, secrete mucus. The mucus lubricates the food for an easy passage. So, if for some reason, goblet cells become non-functional, it will adversely affect the smooth movement of food down the intestine.
Q80. Anxiety and eating spicy food together in an otherwise normal human, may lead to
[2012]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Anxiety and eating spicy food together in normal healthy man can lead to indigestion which causes difficulty in digestion.
Q81. What will happen if the secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked with an inhibitor?
[2008]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) If the secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked with an inhibitor, in the absence of HCl secretion, inactive pepsinogen is not converted into the active enzyme pepsin.
Q82. A dental disease characterized by mottling of teeth is due to the presence of a certain chemical element in drinking water. Which of the following is that element ?
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) The excess of fluorine in water causes a condition called fluorosis, which is identified by mottling of teeth.
Q83. Match the items given in Column-I with those in Column-II and choose the correct option.
Column-I
Column-II
(A) Rennin
(i) Vitamin B12
(B) Enterokinase
(ii) Facilitated transport
(C) Oxyntic cells
(iii) Milk proteins
(D) Fructose
(iv) Trypsinogen
[2019]
Correct Answer: (a)
Rennin is a milk digesting proteolytic enzyme (iii). Enterokinase activates trypsinogen (iv). Oxyntic cells secrete intrinsic factor for the absorption of Vitamin B12 (i). Fructose is absorbed via facilitated transport (ii).
Q84. Kwashiorkor disease is due to:
[2019, Odisha]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Kwashiorkor is a severe protein malnutrition but unaccompanied by calorie deficiency. It results from the replacement of mother's milk by a high calorie-low protein diet in a child more than one year in age. The symptoms are oedema, stunted growth, mental retardation, wrinkled skin, thin legs, bulged eyes, protruded belly.
Q85. A person who is one along hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have
[2007]
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Due to a long hunger strike and survival on water, a person will have less urea in his urine because urea is delivered to kidney as a waste product from liver which is formed after the breakdown of proteins, fats, carbohydrates during hunger.
Q86. A baby boy aged two years is admitted to play school and passes through a dental check - up. The dentist observed that the boy had twenty teeth. Which teeth were absent?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (b)
Total number of teeth in a human child is 20. In primary dentition premolars are absent.
Q87. The layer of cells that secrete enamel of tooth is
[1998]
Correct Answer: (a)
Osteoblast are the bone degenerating cells. Odontoblast are the special cells secreting dentine. Ameloblast are the cells that secrete enamel.
Q88. A person is eating boiled potato, which food component is found in it ?
[2000]
Correct Answer: (a)
(a) Boiled potato does not contain cellulose or lactose. Its starch is also digested. DNA is broken down into purines, pyrimidines and sugars by pancreatic nuclease (such as DNAase).
Q89. Which of the following options best represents the enzyme composition of pancreatic juice?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (c)
Rennin and Pepsin enzymes are present in the gastric juice whereas Maltase is present in the intestinal juice.
Q90. During prolonged fasting, in what sequence are the following organic compounds used up by the body ?
[2003]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Carbohydrates are the basic source of energy, proteins provide material for growth and development.
Q91. Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system.
[2020]
Correct Answer: (b)
Option (b) is correct as ileum is a highly coiled tube. Serosa is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal, thus, option (a) is an incorrect statement. A narrow finger-like tubular projection, the vermiform appendix arises from caecum part of large intestine; thus option (c) is incorrect statement. Ileum opens into the large intestine, thus option (d) is also an incorrect statement.
Q92. Inhibition of gastric and stimulation of gastric, pancreatic and bile secretions are controlled by hormones
[1994]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) Inhibition of gastric juice secretion is done by a hormone (secreted by the intestinal mucosa) called enterogastrone while stimulation of gastric juice secretion is done by the hormone gastrin secreted by the pyloric stomach mucosa. On the other hand pancreatic & bile secretions are controlled by a hormone complex cholecystokinin pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) secreted by the intestinal mucosa.
Q93. The enzyme enterokinase helps in the conversion of
[1995]
Correct Answer: (b)
(b) The enzyme enterokinase (enteropeptidase) helps in the conversion of trypsinogen (inactive form of the enzyme) into trypsin (active form of the enzyme) for protein digestion in the intestine.
Q94. In man the zymogen or chief cells are mainly found in
[1990]
Correct Answer: (d)
Zymogen or chief cells are mainly found in the fundic part of the stomach. They are the most abundant among the gastric glands & secrete proenzymes, propepsin and prorenin. (They are also present in intestine but their main site is stomach).
Q95. Two friends are eating together on a dining table. One of them suddenly starts coughing while swallowing some food. This coughing would have been due to improper movement of:
[2011]
Correct Answer: (a)
The coughing would have been due to improper movement of epiglottis.
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