Q30. Smut disease is caused by Ustilago species of basidiomycetes fungi. It is characterised by
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Ustilago species produce massive black spore masses.
Q31. Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (a)
Archaebacteria have branched chain lipids in their cell membranes.
Q32. Influenza virus has
[1996]
Correct Answer: (b)
Influenza is an orthomyxovirus with a segmented RNA genome.
Q33. Which one of the following is true for fungi?
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (c)
Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs.
Q34. Albugo candida is an obligate parasite causing white rust on members of family
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Causes white rust of crucifers (Mustard family).
Q35. Classification given by Bentham and Hooker is
[1988]
Correct Answer: (b)
They provided a comprehensive natural system for flowering plants.
Q36. In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cells is:
[2011]
Correct Answer: (a)
The basic structure of the plasma membrane (lipid bilayer) is conserved.
Q37. Which one of the following matches is correct?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (a)
Alternaria belongs to Fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycetes).
Q38. Genetic information in Paramecium is contained in
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
The micronucleus is responsible for genetic/sexual functions.
Q39. Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R.H. Whittaker is not based on:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (a)
Whittaker's system was based on cell structure, body organization, nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships.
Q40. Which of the following environmental conditions are essential for optimum growth of Mucor on a piece of bread? A. Temperature of about 25°C B. Temperature of about 5° C C. Relative humidity of about 5% D. Relative humidity of about 95% E. A shady place F. A brightly illuminated place
[2006]
Correct Answer: (a)
Mucor is a fungus. Fungi generally grow best in warm (around 25°C), humid (95% humidity), and shady/dark places.
Q41. Cauliflower mosaic virus contains
[2001]
Correct Answer: (c)
CaMV is a rare plant virus containing double-stranded DNA.
Q42. Which of the following organism possesses characteristics of both a plant and an animal?
[1995]
Correct Answer: (b)
Euglena is photosynthetic (plant) but lacks a cell wall and moves (animal).
Q43. A system of classification in which a large number of traits are considered, is
[1999]
Correct Answer: (c)
Natural systems consider many characters (external and internal) to show natural affinities.
Q44. Satellite RNAs are present in some
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (a)
Satellite RNAs require a helper virus (common in plants) to replicate.
Q45. Genophore/bacterial genome or nucleoid is made of
[1993]
Correct Answer: (c)
Bacterial genome consists of a single circular double-stranded DNA.
Q46. The infective stage of malarial parasite Plasmodium that enters human body is
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
Sporozoites injected by the mosquito infect the human liver.
Q47. Mad cow disease in cattle is caused by an organism which has:
[2019]
Correct Answer: (c)
Prions (BSE) are abnormally folded infectious proteins.
Q48. Which of the following are likely to be present in deep sea water?
[NEET 2013]
Correct Answer: (d)
Archaebacteria (like methanogens/thermoacidophiles) thrive in extreme conditions.
Q49. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) genes are
[1994]
Correct Answer: (b)
TMV genetic material is a single strand of RNA.
Q50. Which statement is correct for bacterial transduction?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Transduction is virus-mediated gene transfer.
Q51. Auxopores and hormocysts are formed, respectively, by:
[2005]
Correct Answer: (a)
Auxospores are in diatoms; Hormocysts are in some BGA.
Q52. In five kingdom system, the main basis of classification is
[2002]
Correct Answer: (b)
Mode of nutrition was the primary criteria used by Whittaker to separate Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Q53. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species of
[2008]
Q62. Which bacteria is utilized in gober gas plant?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Methanobacterium produces methane from organic waste.
Q63. The chief advantage of encystment to an Amoeba is
[2003]
Correct Answer: (b)
Cyst formation protects Amoeba during unfavorable conditions.
Q64. Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in
[2018]
Correct Answer: (c)
Ciliates (like Paramecium) have nuclear dimorphism.
Q65. Which fungal disease spreads by seed and flowers?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Loose smut (Ustilago) is internally seed-borne and infects ovaries through flowers.
Q66. Transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another in the transduction process is through
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
Transduction uses viruses (bacteriophages) as vectors.
Q67. Which one single organism or the pair of organisms is correctly assigned to its taxonomic group?
[2012]
Correct Answer: (c)
Yeast (Saccharomyces) is a unicellular ascomycete fungus.
Q68. Which one is the wrong pairing for the disease and its causal organism?
[2009]
Correct Answer: (d)
Late blight of potato is caused by Phytophthora infestans.
Q69. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
[2019]
Correct Answer: (d)
Yeasts are unicellular and do not form mycelial hyphae.
Q70. In which of the animals dimorphic nucleus is found?
[2005]
Correct Answer: (d)
Paramecium has a large macronucleus and a small micronucleus.
Q71. In prokaryotes, the genetic material is
[1999]
Correct Answer: (d)
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and lacks basic histone proteins.
Q72. Viruses have either DNA or RNA as the genetic material. Viruses having RNA as the genetic material are known as retroviruses.
[1989]
Correct Answer: (a)
Retroviruses (like HIV) use RNA as their genetic blueprint.
Q73. Trypanosoma belongs to class
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
It moves using a flagellum.
Q74. Specialized cells for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in Nostoc are
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (b)
Heterocysts are thick-walled specialized cells for N2 fixation.
Q75. Which one of the following statements about mycoplasma is wrong?
[2007]
Correct Answer: (b)
Penicillin acts on cell wall synthesis; Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, so it's resistant.
Q76. The motile bacteria are able to move by:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (b)
Flagella are the primary organelles for bacterial locomotion.
Q77. Viroids differ from viruses in having;
[2017]
Correct Answer: (c)
Viroids are exclusively composed of naked ssRNA.
Q78. In the five-kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included in
[2012M]
Correct Answer: (a)
Whittaker placed them in Protista due to their unicellular eukaryotic nature.
Q79. Sex factor in bacteria is
[1996]
Correct Answer: (b)
The Fertility (F) plasmid acts as the sex factor.
Q80. In the five-kingdom system of classification, which single kingdom out of the following can include blue green algae, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and methanogenic archaebacteria?
[1998, 2003]
Correct Answer: (d)
All prokaryotic organisms belong to the kingdom Monera.
Q81. Puccinia forms
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
Uredospores and Teleutospores are formed on the primary host (Wheat).
Q82. There exists a close association between the alga and the fungus within a lichen. The fungus
[2005]
Correct Answer: (a)
Symbiosis: Fungi provide shelter and water; Algae provide food.
Q83. The causal organism for African sleeping sickness is
[1989]
Correct Answer: (d)
Trypanosoma gambiense is the main causal agent.
Q84. Fungi are nutritionally saprophytes, which grow on dead and decaying matter. They secrete enzyme to the external medium where digestion takes place and digested food is absorbed by the body surface. They convert complex organic constituents of dead body into simple soluble forms. That is why fungi are regarded as decomposers.
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi and bacteria are the primary decomposers.
Q85. Which statement is wrong for viruses?
[2012]
Correct Answer: (b)
Viruses have various symmetries (polyhedral, helical, binal).
Q86. Which is true about Trypanosoma?
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
Trypanosoma exists in different structural forms during its life cycle.
Q87. Which of the following statements is wrong for viroids?
[2016]
Correct Answer: (d)
Viroid RNA is of very LOW molecular weight.
Q88. Protista includes
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
Protista includes various metabolic groups.
Q89. The chemical compounds produced by the host plants to protect themselves against fungal infection is
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial compounds synthesized by plants in response to stress.
Q90. Plasmodium, the malarial parasite, belongs to class
[1990]
Correct Answer: (c)
Plasmodium belongs to Sporozoa (lack locomotor organelles).
Q91. The most thoroughly studied fact of the known bacteria-plant interactions is the
[2004]
Q92. Which of the following is correct about viroids?
[2020]
Correct Answer: (a)
Viroids are naked RNA particles discovered by T.O. Diener.
Q93. What is common about Trypanosoma, Noctiluca, Monocystis and Giardia?
[2006]
Correct Answer: (d)
All are members of the kingdom Protista (unicellular eukaryotes).
Q94. Plant decomposers are
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
Bacteria (Monera) and Fungi are the primary natural decomposers.
Q95. Organisms called methanogens are most abundant in a:
[2011]
Correct Answer: (b)
Methanogens live in the rumen of cattle and are abundant in dung.
Q96. Which one of the following is not true about lichens?
[1996]
Correct Answer: (d)
Lichens grow extremely slowly (often < 1mm to 1cm per year).
Q97. The hereditary material present in the bacterium Escherichia coli is
[1998]
Correct Answer: (c)
E. coli has a double-stranded circular DNA molecule.
Q98. One of the major components of cell wall of most fungi is
[2016]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungal cell wall is made of Chitin (N-acetylglucosamine polymer).
Q99. Thermococcus, Methanococcus and Methanobacterium exemplify:
[2008]
Correct Answer: (a)
Some Archaea possess proteins homologous to eukaryotic histones.
Q100. Lichens indicate SO2 pollution because they
[1989]
Correct Answer: (c)
They are 'Canaries in the coal mine' for air quality.
Q101. Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (d)
Halophiles (Archaebacteria) live in high salt conditions.
Q102. A few organisms are known to grow and multiply at temperatures of 100–105°C. They belong to
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
Thermoacidophiles grow in extreme heat and acidic conditions.
Q103. Artificial system of classification was first used by
[1989]
Correct Answer: (a)
Linnaeus used an artificial system (sexual system) based on stamen characteristics.
Q104. Entamoeba coli causes
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
E. coli is a harmless commensal in the human colon (not to be confused with E. histolytica).
Q105. Bacteria lack alternation of generation because there is
[1992]
Correct Answer: (a)
Bacteria reproduce asexually; they lack true sexual fusion and meiosis.
Q106. Virus envelope is known as:
[2010]
Correct Answer: (a)
The protective protein coat is called a capsid.
Q107. How many organisms in the list given below are autotrophs? Lactobacillus, Nostoc, Chara, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces, Trypanosoma, Porphyra, Wolffia
[2012M]
Correct Answer: (c)
Nostoc, Chara, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Porphyra, Wolffia are autotrophs. Total = 6.
Q108. Ergot of rye is caused by a species of
[2007]
Correct Answer: (c)
Claviceps purpurea causes Ergot of Rye.
Q109. Single-celled eukaryotes are included in:
[2010]
Correct Answer: (a)
Protista is the kingdom for single-celled eukaryotes.
Q110. The imperfect fungi which are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling belong to:
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi) are major litter decomposers.
Q111. Protistan genome has
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Protists are eukaryotes; they have membrane-bound nuclei.
Q112. System of classification used by Linnaeus was
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
Linnaeus' system was artificial as it relied on a few superficial traits.
Q113. In the light of recent classification of living organisms into three domains of life (bacteria, archaea and eukarya), which one of the following statements is true about archaea?
[2008]
Correct Answer: (b)
Archaea have unique cell membrane lipids and cell wall compositions.
Q114. Which one of the following statements about viruses is correct?
[2003]
Correct Answer: (d)
Viruses must live inside host cells to survive and replicate.
Q115. The fungus that causes the disease 'Ergot of Rye' is Claviceps purpurea. It contains many poisonous alkaloids. The hallucinogenic drug LSD is extracted from this fungi. Rust of wheat is used by
[1991]
Correct Answer: (a)
Rust refers to Puccinia.
Q116. In fungi stored food material is
[2000]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi store excess energy as Glycogen and oil droplets.
Q117. Pick up the wrong statement
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (c)
Monera (bacteria) are prokaryotic and lack a nuclear membrane.
Q118. Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Q119. Which of the following shows coiled RNA strand and capsomeres?
[2014]
Correct Answer: (b)
TMV has a helical symmetry with coiled RNA inside capsomeres.
Q120. Most of the Lichens consist of
[1997]
Correct Answer: (b)
Typically Green algae or Cyanobacteria paired with Ascomycetes.
Q121. Which of the following statements is correct?
[2019, Odisa]
Correct Answer: (b)
Lichens are extremely sensitive to SO2 and do not thrive in polluted environments.
Q122. The main difference in Gram (+)ve and Gram (–)ve bacteria resides in their
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
Difference lies in the peptidoglycan thickness and lipid content of the cell wall.
Q123. Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (b)
Mycoplasmas are the smallest known prokaryotes lacking a cell wall.
Q124. Photosynthetic bacteria have pigments in
[1999]
Correct Answer: (d)
Prokaryotes lack plastids; pigments are in internal membrane folds called chromatophores.
Q125. Which of the following organisms are known as chief producers in the oceans?
[2018]
Correct Answer: (b)
Diatoms are the 'pearls of the ocean' and primary producers.
Q126. Which one of the following is a slime mould?
[2007]
Correct Answer: (a)
Physarum polycephalum is a cellular/acellular slime mould.
Q127. Which one of the following statements is wrong?
[2016]
Correct Answer: (c)
Eubacteria are 'True bacteria'. Archaebacteria were formerly called primitive.
Q128. Protists obtain food as
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Protists show diverse nutritional modes.
Q129. Mycorrhiza is
[1996]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungus-root mutualism.
Q130. The function of contractile vacuole, in protozoa, is
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
It maintains water balance in the cell.
Q131. Which of the following are most suitable indicators of SO2 pollution in the environment?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Lichens vanish first in areas with high air pollution.
Q132. Phylogenetic classification is based on
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
Phylogenetic classification is based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny).
Q133. Viruses that infect bacteria, multiply and cause their lysis, are called
[2004]
Correct Answer: (c)
Lytic phages cause immediate burst/death of the bacterial cell.
Q134. Virus is an ultra microscopic nucleoprotein entity which becomes active only inside a living cell. It resembles living beings due to presence of genetic material and reproduction.
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
Reproduction and heredity are living traits of viruses.
Q135. One scientist cultured Cladophora in a suspension of Azotobacter and illuminated the culture by splitting light through a prism. He observed that bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of:
[2019]
Correct Answer: (a)
Photosynthesis (O2 production) is highest in blue and red light regions.
Q136. Rickettsiae constitute a group under
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Rickettsiae are specialized obligate intracellular bacteria.
Q137. Viruses have:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (a)
Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) inside a protein capsid.
Q138. What is true for cyanobacteria?
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
BGA perform oxygenic photosynthesis and fix nitrogen via nitrogenase.
Q139. African sleeping sickness is due to
[1991]
Correct Answer: (c)
Caused by T. gambiense and spread by Glossina (Tse-tse fly).
Q140. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
[2019]
Correct Answer: (c)
The genetic material (DNA/RNA) is the infective part, not the capsid.
Q141. Membrane-bound organelles are absent in:
[2010]
Correct Answer: (b)
Streptococcus is a bacterium (prokaryote).
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