Q1. The fungus that causes the disease 'Ergot of Rye' is Claviceps purpurea. It contains many poisonous alkaloids. The hallucinogenic drug LSD is extracted from this fungi. Rust of wheat is used by
[1991]
Correct Answer: (a)
Rust refers to Puccinia.
Q2. The main difference in Gram (+)ve and Gram (–)ve bacteria resides in their
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
Difference lies in the peptidoglycan thickness and lipid content of the cell wall.
Q3. Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (d)
Halophiles (Archaebacteria) live in high salt conditions.
Q4. In which group of organisms the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit together?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Diatoms (Chrysophytes) have soap-box like silica walls.
Q5. Which of the following organism possesses characteristics of both a plant and an animal?
[1995]
Correct Answer: (b)
Euglena is photosynthetic (plant) but lacks a cell wall and moves (animal).
Q6. Which one of the following fungi contains hallucinogens?
[2014]
Q7. Which one of the following statements is wrong?
[2016]
Correct Answer: (c)
Eubacteria are 'True bacteria'. Archaebacteria were formerly called primitive.
Q8. In the light of recent classification of living organisms into three domains of life (bacteria, archaea and eukarya), which one of the following statements is true about archaea?
[2008]
Correct Answer: (b)
Archaea have unique cell membrane lipids and cell wall compositions.
Q9. Viruses have:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (a)
Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) inside a protein capsid.
Q10. Which one of the following statements about mycoplasma is wrong?
[2007]
Correct Answer: (b)
Penicillin acts on cell wall synthesis; Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, so it's resistant.
Q11. Temperature tolerance of thermal blue-green algae is due to
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
Thermal resistance is due to the presence of stable homopolar bonds in proteins.
Q12. Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (a)
Archaebacteria have branched chain lipids in their cell membranes.
Q13. Enzymes are absent in viruses because they are unable to transmit their nucleic acid from one cell to another.
[2000]
Correct Answer: (a)
Viruses lack their own metabolic enzymes and machinery.
Q14. Name the organisms which do not derive energy directly or indirectly from sun
[1991]
Correct Answer: (a)
Chemoautotrophs get energy from chemical oxidation of inorganic compounds.
Q15. The chief advantage of encystment to an Amoeba is
[2003]
Correct Answer: (b)
Cyst formation protects Amoeba during unfavorable conditions.
Q16. Protista includes
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
Protista includes various metabolic groups.
Q17. Transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another in the transduction process is through
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
Transduction uses viruses (bacteriophages) as vectors.
Q18. Artificial system of classification was first used by
[1989]
Correct Answer: (a)
Linnaeus used an artificial system (sexual system) based on stamen characteristics.
Q19. Which one of the following is a slime mould?
[2007]
Correct Answer: (a)
Physarum polycephalum is a cellular/acellular slime mould.
Q20. Which one of the following matches is correct?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (a)
Alternaria belongs to Fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycetes).
Q21. Choose the wrong statements:
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (b)
Morels and Truffles are highly prized edible delicacies.
Q22. In which of the animals dimorphic nucleus is found?
[2005]
Correct Answer: (d)
Paramecium has a large macronucleus and a small micronucleus.
Q23. Adhesive pad of fungi penetrates the host with the help of
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
Appressorium uses both physical force and hydrolytic enzymes to penetrate.
Q24. In fungi stored food material is
[2000]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi store excess energy as Glycogen and oil droplets.
Q25. One scientist cultured Cladophora in a suspension of Azotobacter and illuminated the culture by splitting light through a prism. He observed that bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of:
[2019]
Correct Answer: (a)
Photosynthesis (O2 production) is highest in blue and red light regions.
Q26. Pick up the wrong statement
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (c)
Monera (bacteria) are prokaryotic and lack a nuclear membrane.
Q27. Which of the following are most suitable indicators of SO2 pollution in the environment?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Lichens vanish first in areas with high air pollution.
Q28. True nucleus is absent in:
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Anabaena is a prokaryotic cyanobacterium.
Q29. Genophore/bacterial genome or nucleoid is made of
[1993]
Correct Answer: (c)
Bacterial genome consists of a single circular double-stranded DNA.
Q30. What is true for archaebacteria?
[2001]
Correct Answer: (d)
Archaebacteria are considered 'living fossils' and the oldest life forms.
Q31. In five kingdom system, the main basis of classification is
[2002]
Correct Answer: (b)
Mode of nutrition was the primary criteria used by Whittaker to separate Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Q32. African sleeping sickness is due to
[1991]
Correct Answer: (c)
Caused by T. gambiense and spread by Glossina (Tse-tse fly).
Q33. Nitrogen fixer soil organisms belong to
[1994]
Correct Answer: (b)
Bacteria (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, BGA) are the primary biological N2 fixers.
Q34. One of the major components of cell wall of most fungi is
[2016]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungal cell wall is made of Chitin (N-acetylglucosamine polymer).
Q35. Which of the following are likely to be present in deep sea water?
[NEET 2013]
Correct Answer: (d)
Archaebacteria (like methanogens/thermoacidophiles) thrive in extreme conditions.
Q36. Which statement is wrong for viruses?
[2012]
Correct Answer: (b)
Viruses have various symmetries (polyhedral, helical, binal).
Q37. Which one of the following is true for fungi?
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (c)
Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs.
Q38. Organisms which are indicator of SO2 pollution of air
[1992]
Correct Answer: (b)
Lichens are the best bio-indicators for SO2.
Q39. A system of classification in which a large number of traits are considered, is
[1999]
Correct Answer: (c)
Natural systems consider many characters (external and internal) to show natural affinities.
Q40. The causal organism for African sleeping sickness is
[1989]
Correct Answer: (d)
Trypanosoma gambiense is the main causal agent.
Q41. Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell?
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Q42. Which fungal disease spreads by seed and flowers?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Loose smut (Ustilago) is internally seed-borne and infects ovaries through flowers.
Q43. Which among the following is not a prokaryote?
[2018]
Correct Answer: (a)
Saccharomyces (Yeast) is a eukaryotic fungus.
Q44. Classification given by Bentham and Hooker is
[1988]
Correct Answer: (b)
They provided a comprehensive natural system for flowering plants.
Q45. Which of the following shows coiled RNA strand and capsomeres?
[2014]
Correct Answer: (b)
TMV has a helical symmetry with coiled RNA inside capsomeres.
Q46. Trypanosoma belongs to class
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
It moves using a flagellum.
Q47. Which of the following statements is wrong for viroids?
[2016]
Correct Answer: (d)
Viroid RNA is of very LOW molecular weight.
Q48. The structures that help some bacteria to attach to rocks and/or host tissues are:
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fimbriae are bristle-like fibers used for attachment.
Q49. Viruses have either DNA or RNA as the genetic material. Viruses having RNA as the genetic material are known as retroviruses.
[1989]
Correct Answer: (a)
Retroviruses (like HIV) use RNA as their genetic blueprint.
Q50. Most of the Lichens consist of
[1997]
Correct Answer: (b)
Typically Green algae or Cyanobacteria paired with Ascomycetes.
Q51. In the five-kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included in
[2012M]
Correct Answer: (a)
Whittaker placed them in Protista due to their unicellular eukaryotic nature.
Q52. Genetic information in Paramecium is contained in
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
The micronucleus is responsible for genetic/sexual functions.
Q53. The imperfect fungi which are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling belong to:
[2015 RS]
Correct Answer: (d)
Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi) are major litter decomposers.
Q54. Which of the following secretes toxins during storage conditions of crop plants?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Aspergillus flavus produces Aflatoxins during storage.
Q55. How many organisms in the list given below are autotrophs? Lactobacillus, Nostoc, Chara, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces, Trypanosoma, Porphyra, Wolffia
[2012M]
Correct Answer: (c)
Nostoc, Chara, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Porphyra, Wolffia are autotrophs. Total = 6.
Q56. Membrane-bound organelles are absent in:
[2010]
Correct Answer: (b)
Streptococcus is a bacterium (prokaryote).
Q57. Which of the following organisms are known as chief producers in the oceans?
[2018]
Correct Answer: (b)
Diatoms are the 'pearls of the ocean' and primary producers.
Q58. In prokaryotes, the genetic material is
[1999]
Correct Answer: (d)
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and lacks basic histone proteins.
Q59. Albugo candida is an obligate parasite causing white rust on members of family
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Causes white rust of crucifers (Mustard family).
Q60. Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (c)
Glycocalyx (capsule/slime layer) provides adhesion and protection.
Q61. Chrysophytes, Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates and Slime moulds are included in the kingdom
[2016]
Correct Answer: (b)
All unicellular eukaryotes are grouped under Protista.
Q62. The motile bacteria are able to move by:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (b)
Flagella are the primary organelles for bacterial locomotion.
Q63. In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cells is:
[2011]
Correct Answer: (a)
The basic structure of the plasma membrane (lipid bilayer) is conserved.
Q64. Entamoeba coli causes
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
E. coli is a harmless commensal in the human colon (not to be confused with E. histolytica).
Q65. Viruses that infect bacteria, multiply and cause their lysis, are called
[2004]
Correct Answer: (c)
Lytic phages cause immediate burst/death of the bacterial cell.
Q66. Smut disease is caused by Ustilago species of basidiomycetes fungi. It is characterised by
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Ustilago species produce massive black spore masses.
Q67. Cauliflower mosaic virus contains
[2001]
Correct Answer: (c)
CaMV is a rare plant virus containing double-stranded DNA.
Q68. Which one single organism or the pair of organisms is correctly assigned to its taxonomic group?
[2012]
Correct Answer: (c)
Yeast (Saccharomyces) is a unicellular ascomycete fungus.
Q69. There exists a close association between the alga and the fungus within a lichen. The fungus
[2005]
Correct Answer: (a)
Symbiosis: Fungi provide shelter and water; Algae provide food.
Q70. Tobacco mosaic virus is a tubular filament of size
[2003]
Correct Answer: (d)
Dimensions are roughly 300nm length and 18-20nm diameter.
Q71. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) genes are
[1994]
Correct Answer: (b)
TMV genetic material is a single strand of RNA.
Q72. Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in
[2018]
Correct Answer: (c)
Ciliates (like Paramecium) have nuclear dimorphism.
Q73. The most thoroughly studied fact of the known bacteria-plant interactions is the
[2004]
Q74. Viroids differ from viruses in having;
[2017]
Correct Answer: (c)
Viroids are exclusively composed of naked ssRNA.
Q75. The infective stage of malarial parasite Plasmodium that enters human body is
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
Sporozoites injected by the mosquito infect the human liver.
Q76. In the five-kingdom system of classification, which single kingdom out of the following can include blue green algae, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and methanogenic archaebacteria?
[1998, 2003]
Correct Answer: (d)
All prokaryotic organisms belong to the kingdom Monera.
Q77. A bite of Tse-Tse fly may pass to humans
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
Tse-tse flies transmit T. gambiense.
Q78. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorised as:
[2012]
Correct Answer: (d)
Lactobacillus (curd) and Streptomyces (antibiotics) are heterotrophs.
Q79. Black rust of wheat is caused by
[2000]
Correct Answer: (a)
Puccinia graminis tritici causes black rust.
Q80. Which statement is correct for bacterial transduction?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Transduction is virus-mediated gene transfer.
Q81. The chemical compounds produced by the host plants to protect themselves against fungal infection is
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial compounds synthesized by plants in response to stress.
Q82. The function of contractile vacuole, in protozoa, is
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
It maintains water balance in the cell.
Q83. Which one of the following is not true about lichens?
[1996]
Correct Answer: (d)
Lichens grow extremely slowly (often < 1mm to 1cm per year).
Q84. Macro and micronucleus are the characteristic feature of
[1995]
Correct Answer: (a)
Ciliates have dimorphic nuclei.
Q85. Which of the following environmental conditions are essential for optimum growth of Mucor on a piece of bread? A. Temperature of about 25°C B. Temperature of about 5° C C. Relative humidity of about 5% D. Relative humidity of about 95% E. A shady place F. A brightly illuminated place
[2006]
Correct Answer: (a)
Mucor is a fungus. Fungi generally grow best in warm (around 25°C), humid (95% humidity), and shady/dark places.
Q86. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species of
[2008]
Correct Answer: (d)
Though major waste diffuses, some is excreted via CV.
Q102. Influenza virus has
[1996]
Correct Answer: (b)
Influenza is an orthomyxovirus with a segmented RNA genome.
Q103. Which of the following is correct about viroids?
[2020]
Correct Answer: (a)
Viroids are naked RNA particles discovered by T.O. Diener.
Q104. Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R.H. Whittaker is not based on:
[2014]
Correct Answer: (a)
Whittaker's system was based on cell structure, body organization, nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships.
Q105. Which of the following statements is correct?
[2019, Odisa]
Correct Answer: (b)
Lichens are extremely sensitive to SO2 and do not thrive in polluted environments.
Q106. Virus is an ultra microscopic nucleoprotein entity which becomes active only inside a living cell. It resembles living beings due to presence of genetic material and reproduction.
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
Reproduction and heredity are living traits of viruses.
Q107. Viruses are no more 'alive' than isolated chromosomes because
[2003]
Correct Answer: (a)
Neither can reproduce or show metabolism outside a host cell.
Q108. In Amoeba and Paramecium osmoregulation occurs through
[2002]
Correct Answer: (c)
Contractile vacuoles pump out excess water.
Q109. Bacteria lack alternation of generation because there is
[1992]
Correct Answer: (a)
Bacteria reproduce asexually; they lack true sexual fusion and meiosis.
Q110. Plant decomposers are
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
Bacteria (Monera) and Fungi are the primary natural decomposers.
Q111. Sex factor in bacteria is
[1996]
Correct Answer: (b)
The Fertility (F) plasmid acts as the sex factor.
Q112. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
[2019]
Correct Answer: (c)
The genetic material (DNA/RNA) is the infective part, not the capsid.
Q113. Organisms called methanogens are most abundant in a:
[2011]
Correct Answer: (b)
Methanogens live in the rumen of cattle and are abundant in dung.
Q114. Puccinia forms
[1998]
Correct Answer: (b)
Uredospores and Teleutospores are formed on the primary host (Wheat).
Q115. Plasmodium, the malarial parasite, belongs to class
[1990]
Correct Answer: (c)
Plasmodium belongs to Sporozoa (lack locomotor organelles).
Q116. Fungi are nutritionally saprophytes, which grow on dead and decaying matter. They secrete enzyme to the external medium where digestion takes place and digested food is absorbed by the body surface. They convert complex organic constituents of dead body into simple soluble forms. That is why fungi are regarded as decomposers.
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi and bacteria are the primary decomposers.
Q117. The vector for sleeping sickness is
[1989]
Correct Answer: (b)
Glossina (Tse-tse fly) is the vector.
Q118. Mad cow disease in cattle is caused by an organism which has:
[2019]
Correct Answer: (c)
Prions (BSE) are abnormally folded infectious proteins.
Q119. Auxopores and hormocysts are formed, respectively, by:
[2005]
Correct Answer: (a)
Auxospores are in diatoms; Hormocysts are in some BGA.
Q120. Which pair of the following belongs to Basidiomycetes?
[2007]
Correct Answer: (d)
Puffballs and Bird's nest fungi belong to Basidiomycota.
Q121. Which one belongs to monera?
[1990]
Correct Answer: (b)
Escherichia (bacterium) is a member of Monera.
Q122. The thalloid body of a slime mould (Myxomycetes) is known as
[2006]
Correct Answer: (a)
The aggregate body of a slime mould is a plasmodium.
Q123. Specialized cells for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in Nostoc are
[NEET Kar. 2013]
Correct Answer: (b)
Heterocysts are thick-walled specialized cells for N2 fixation.
Q124. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
[2019]
Correct Answer: (d)
Yeasts are unicellular and do not form mycelial hyphae.
Q125. What is common about Trypanosoma, Noctiluca, Monocystis and Giardia?
[2006]
Correct Answer: (d)
All are members of the kingdom Protista (unicellular eukaryotes).
Q126. Which one of the following organisms is not an example of eukaryotic cells?
[2011]
Correct Answer: (b)
E. coli is a prokaryotic bacterium.
Q127. Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen?
[2017]
Correct Answer: (b)
Mycoplasmas are the smallest known prokaryotes lacking a cell wall.
Q128. Protists obtain food as
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Protists show diverse nutritional modes.
Q129. Which one is the wrong pairing for the disease and its causal organism?
[2009]
Correct Answer: (d)
Late blight of potato is caused by Phytophthora infestans.
Q130. Which is true about Trypanosoma?
[1990]
Correct Answer: (a)
Trypanosoma exists in different structural forms during its life cycle.
Q131. Escherichia coli is used extensively in biological research as it is
[1993]
Correct Answer: (a)
E. coli is the model organism for molecular biology because it's cheap and grows fast.
Q132. Rickettsiae constitute a group under
[1994]
Correct Answer: (a)
Rickettsiae are specialized obligate intracellular bacteria.
Q133. Which bacteria is utilized in gober gas plant?
[2002]
Correct Answer: (a)
Methanobacterium produces methane from organic waste.
Q134. Virus envelope is known as:
[2010]
Correct Answer: (a)
The protective protein coat is called a capsid.
Q135. The causative agent of mad-cow disease is a
[2006]
Correct Answer: (a)
Prions cause spongiform encephalopathies like BSE.
Q136. What is true for cyanobacteria?
[2001]
Correct Answer: (a)
BGA perform oxygenic photosynthesis and fix nitrogen via nitrogenase.
Q137. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
[1995]
Correct Answer: (c)
Covered smut of barley is caused by Ustilago hordei; U. nuda causes loose smut.
Q138. Ergot of rye is caused by a species of
[2007]
Correct Answer: (c)
Claviceps purpurea causes Ergot of Rye.
Q139. Phylogenetic classification is based on
[1994]
Correct Answer: (d)
Phylogenetic classification is based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny).
Q140. Which one of the following statements about viruses is correct?
[2003]
Correct Answer: (d)
Viruses must live inside host cells to survive and replicate.
Q141. The hereditary material present in the bacterium Escherichia coli is
[1998]
Correct Answer: (c)
E. coli has a double-stranded circular DNA molecule.
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