Biodiversity and its Conservation (PYQs)

Q1. American water plant that has become a troublesome weed in India is
Correct Answer: (b)
Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, is an invasive aquatic weed.
Q2. Migratory birds from Siberia move to
Correct Answer: (d)
Keoladeo National Park receives migratory Siberian birds.
Q3. Which animal has gone extinct in recent times in India?
Correct Answer: (a)
The Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, became extinct in India.
Q4. The endangered largest living lemur Indri indri is found in
Correct Answer: (b)
Indri indri is endemic to Madagascar.
Q5. An endangered species of Indian medicinal plants is
Correct Answer: (d)
Podophyllum is an endangered medicinal plant.
Q6. In which pair is a soil characteristic not correctly matched?
Correct Answer: (d)
Black soil is not rich in calcium carbonate.
Q7. Western Ghats species not found elsewhere are called
Correct Answer: (b)
Species confined to one region are endemic.
Q8. Which region exhibits highest species diversity?
Correct Answer: (c)
The Amazon rainforest has exceptionally high species diversity.
Q9. The most effective way to conserve plant diversity of an area is
Correct Answer: (d)
The source answer identifies a seed bank as most effective.
Q10. Sacred groves are specially useful in
Correct Answer: (d)
Sacred groves protect rare and threatened species in situ.
Q11. Which animal has become extinct from India?
Correct Answer: (d)
The cheetah became extinct in India.
Q12. Flamingoes breed in
Correct Answer: (b)
Flamingoes breed in Chilika Lake.
Q13. Which is the correctly matched endangered animal and national park?
Correct Answer: (a)
Kaziranga National Park is associated with the one-horned rhinoceros.
Q14. Identify the odd habitat-animal combination.
Correct Answer: (d)
Dachigam is known for hangul, not snow leopard.
Q15. Which shows maximum genetic diversity in India?
Correct Answer: (b)
India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice.
Q16. Which vertebrate group comprises the highest number of endangered species?
Correct Answer: (b)
Mammals comprise the highest number in this question set.
Q17. Biodiversity of a geographical region represents
Correct Answer: (b)
Biodiversity is the variety of organisms in a region.
Q18. Which is the correct sanctuary-main protected animal pair?
Correct Answer: (a)
Gir is the principal protected area for the Asiatic lion.
Q19. Which is not observed in biodiversity hotspots?
Correct Answer: (c)
Hotspots show high richness, endemism and high threat, not lesser competition.
Q20. The National Aquatic Animal of India is
Correct Answer: (b)
The Ganges river dolphin is India’s National Aquatic Animal.
Q21. An important function of botanical gardens is that
Correct Answer: (c)
Botanical gardens conserve plant germplasm ex situ.
Q22. Diversity in living beings is due to
Correct Answer: (b)
Long-term evolutionary processes generate biodiversity.
Q23. Ranthambore National Park is situated in
Correct Answer: (b)
Ranthambore National Park is in Rajasthan.
Q24. At which latitude does heat gain through insolation approximately equal heat loss through terrestrial radiation?
Correct Answer: (b)
The approximate heat-balance latitude is 40° north and south.
Q25. A high density of a protected animal in a national park can result in
Correct Answer: (b)
High population density increases competition within the species.
Q26. The most important cause of extinction is
Correct Answer: (a)
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the principal cause.
Q27. Tiger is not a resident in which national park?
Correct Answer: (b)
Gir is renowned for Asiatic lions, not tigers.
Q28. Given below is the representation of the extent of global diversity of invertebrates. What do portions A-D represent respectively?
ABCD
Correct Answer: (d)
Insects comprise the largest invertebrate group, followed by molluscs, crustaceans and other groups.
Q29. A collection of plants and seeds having diverse alleles of all genes of a crop is called
Correct Answer: (b)
Germplasm is the genetic resource of a crop.
Q30. The largest tiger reserve in India is
Correct Answer: (c)
Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam is India’s largest tiger reserve.
Q31. Which organisation publishes the Red Data Book?
Correct Answer: (b)
The IUCN publishes Red Data Books/Red Lists.
Q32. Which area in India is a biodiversity hotspot?
Correct Answer: (d)
The Western Ghats are a global biodiversity hotspot.
Q33. Wildlife is destroyed most when
Correct Answer: (c)
Habitat destruction is the major cause of wildlife loss.
Q34. Which is an example of ex situ conservation?
Correct Answer: (b)
Seed banks are ex situ conservation facilities.
Q35. A species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future is
Correct Answer: (c)
Critically endangered species face an extremely high risk of extinction.
Q36. Maximum nutritional diversity is found in the group
Correct Answer: (c)
Monera shows the greatest nutritional diversity.
Q37. Bulk fixation of carbon through photosynthesis takes place in
Correct Answer: (d)
Marine phytoplankton in oceans account for much global carbon fixation.
Q38. A renewable source of energy is
Correct Answer: (a)
Biomass is renewable.
Q39. Identify the correct reserve-wildlife combination.
Correct Answer: (c)
The Rann of Kutch is the protected habitat of the wild ass.
Q40. Petroleum is a
Correct Answer: (c)
Petroleum is a fossil fuel and non-renewable.
Q41. According to Robert May, global species diversity is about
Correct Answer: (c)
Robert May estimated about 7 million global species.
Q42. The Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro (1992) was called
Correct Answer: (b)
The Rio Earth Summit adopted the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Q43. Which pair consists of exotic species introduced in India?
Correct Answer: (a)
Lantana and water hyacinth are introduced invasive species.
Q44. A non-renewable resource is
Correct Answer: (b)
Conventional fossil fuels are non-renewable resources.
Q45. Soil conservation is
Correct Answer: (d)
Soil conservation means protecting soil against loss and degradation.
Q46. Soil fertility is reduced by
Correct Answer: (d)
Intensive agriculture depletes soil nutrients.
Q47. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew was brought about by
Correct Answer: (b)
Mutation breeding produced disease-resistant mung bean varieties.
Q48. The most important cause of animals and plants being driven to extinction is
Correct Answer: (c)
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of extinction.
Q49. Minerals and metals are
Correct Answer: (c)
Minerals and metals are non-renewable resources.
Q50. According to IUCN Red List, the status of Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) is
Correct Answer: (d)
The source answer classifies red panda as endangered.
Q51. Fertility of soil is measured by its ability to
Correct Answer: (d)
Soil fertility is assessed by its ability to support plant life.
Q52. The table gives populations (in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas; habitats are in brackets. Which area shows maximum species diversity?
Area (habitats)ABCDEFGHIJ
a (11)2.31.20.526.0-3.11.19.0-10.3
b (11)10.2-0.62-1.53.0-8.21.111.2
c (13)11.30.90.482.41.4420.88.42.24.1
d (12)3.210.211.14.80.4330.87.31132.1
Correct Answer: (c)
In area c - Populations are fairly balanced among species. While in area d - Species I has an extremely large population (113 thousand) while several others have very small populations (0.4, 2.1, etc.).
Q53. Species diversity increases as one proceeds from
Correct Answer: (a)
Diversity rises toward lower altitudes and the equator.
Q54. The highest number of species in the world is represented by
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi are estimated to have the highest species count among these.
Q55. During an adverse season, therophytes survive by
Correct Answer: (d)
Therophytes survive unfavourable seasons as seeds.
Q56. Quercus species are dominant in
Correct Answer: (a)
Oaks (Quercus) dominate temperate deciduous forests.
Q57. Alexander von Humboldt described for the first time
Correct Answer: (b)
Humboldt described the species-area relationship.
Q58. Which is related to ex situ conservation of threatened animals and plants?
Correct Answer: (d)
Wildlife safari parks are ex situ facilities.
Q59. Which is not used for ex situ plant conservation?
Correct Answer: (b)
Shifting cultivation is not a conservation method.
Q60. Which is not included under in situ conservation?
Correct Answer: (a)
Botanical gardens are ex situ sites.
Q61. Select the correct statement about biodiversity.
Correct Answer: (b)
Western Ghats show high species richness and endemism.
Q62. World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) was held in
Correct Answer: (d)
The summit was held at Johannesburg, South Africa.
Q63. Species confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere are termed
Correct Answer: (b)
Endemic species are restricted to a specific geographical area.
Q64. An example of ex situ conservation is
Correct Answer: (b)
Seed banks preserve germplasm outside natural habitats.
Q65. Which has maximum genetic diversity in India?
Correct Answer: (b)
Wheat shows very high genetic diversity in India.
Q66. An institution preserving valuable plant material likely to be lost in wild or cultivation in viable condition is called
Correct Answer: (d)
Gene banks preserve viable plant genetic resources.
Q67. The Biodiversity Act of India was passed by Parliament in
Correct Answer: (d)
India enacted the Biological Diversity Act in 2002.
Q68. Cryopreservation of gametes of threatened species in viable, fertile condition is
Correct Answer: (a)
Cryopreservation is an advanced ex situ technique.
Q69. MAB stands for
Correct Answer: (b)
MAB is UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Q70. The organisation which publishes the Red List of species is
Correct Answer: (b)
The IUCN publishes the Red List.
Q71. Decline in Indian native fishes following introduction of Clarias gariepinus in the Yamuna is categorised as
Correct Answer: (a)
The African catfish is an invasive alien species.
Q72. National park associated with rhinoceros is
Correct Answer: (a)
Kaziranga is famed for the one-horned rhinoceros.
Q73. All are included in ex situ conservation except
Correct Answer: (b)
Sacred groves are in situ conservation sites.
Q74. The legally protected region of a biosphere reserve where no human activity is allowed is
Correct Answer: (d)
The core zone is strictly protected.
Q75. Fill the blanks: bears go into __(1)__ during winter; a broad-base conical age pyramid represents __(3)__ population; a fig wasp and fig flower show __(4)__; a high species-richness area is a __(5)__.
Correct Answer: (d)
Bears hibernate; a broad-base pyramid is expanding; fig and wasp are mutualists; high-richness areas are hotspots.
Q76. If forest cover is reduced to half, what is most likely on a long-term basis?
Correct Answer: (c)
Major forest loss promotes desertification.
Q77. Which represents the maximum number of species among global biodiversity?
Correct Answer: (b)
Fungi have the greatest number among these groups.
Q78. Which has both correct combinations?
Correct Answer: (d)
National parks conserve in situ; botanical gardens conserve ex situ.
Q79. Which animal-plant pair represents endangered organisms in India?
Correct Answer: (d)
Both Bentinckia nicobarica and red panda are endangered.
Q80. Which is considered a biodiversity hotspot in India?
Correct Answer: (d)
The Western Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot.
Q81. Which is not a method of in situ conservation?
Correct Answer: (c)
Botanical gardens conserve species outside natural habitats.

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