Correct Answer: (a)
The first word is the genus, written with a capital letter (A-1). The second word is the specific epithet, written in lowercase (B-2). The language used is Latin (C-3). In print, the name is italicized (D-4). These are the international rules of binomial nomenclature.
Q2. Match the rank with human and plant examples:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Class
1. Mammalia
B. Phylum
2. Chordata
C. Kingdom
3. Animalia
D. Division
4. Angiospermae
Correct Answer: (a)
Humans belong to class Mammalia (A-1), phylum Chordata (B-2), and kingdom Animalia (C-3). Angiospermae is a division for flowering plants (D-4). These examples correctly illustrate the ranks for both animals and plants.
Q3. Match the higher categories in Column-I with their descriptions in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Class
1. Includes related orders
B. Phylum
2. Includes related classes
C. Kingdom
3. Highest taxonomic category
D. Division
4. For plants, includes related classes
Correct Answer: (a)
Class includes related orders (A-1); Phylum includes related classes (B-2); Kingdom is the highest category (C-3); Division is the plant equivalent of phylum and includes related classes (D-4). This matches the definitions of higher taxonomic ranks, with the correct correspondence between the term and its description.
Q4. Regarding systematics, which statements are correct? (i) Systematics includes evolutionary relationships. (ii) Systematics is based on evolutionary relationships. (iii) Systematics is used only for plants.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: systematics incorporates evolutionary relationships and is fundamentally rooted in phylogeny. Statement (iii) is false because systematics applies to all life forms, not just plants. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q5. The scientific name of gibbon is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The common gibbon is Hylobates lar. The genus Hylobates is capitalized, and the specific epithet lar is lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Hylobates lar Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q6. Regarding binomial nomenclature, which statements are correct? (i) Binomial nomenclature uses two words for naming. (ii) The first word is genus and the second is species. (iii) Binomial nomenclature is used for all organisms.
Correct Answer: (d)
All three statements are correct. The binomial system uses two Latinized names for each species, with the first being the genus and the second the specific epithet. This system is applied universally to all organisms, ensuring consistency and global recognition.
Q7. Regarding order, which statements are correct? (i) Order is an assemblage of families. (ii) Families in an order share some common features. (iii) Order is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: an order comprises families, and families within an order share certain common traits. Statement (iii) is false because order is a higher rank. So only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q8. Assertion: Phylum includes related classes.
Reason: Classes in a phylum share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true because a phylum (or division for plants) is a high-rank category that encompasses related classes. The reason is also true: classes within a phylum share fundamental structural and developmental features, such as the presence of a notochord in Chordata. These common features are the basis for grouping classes into a phylum, so the reason correctly explains the assertion.
Q9. Regarding order, which statements are correct? (i) Order is an assemblage of families. (ii) Families in an order share some common features. (iii) Order is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: order groups families, and families within an order share common characteristics. Statement (iii) is false because order is not the lowest category. So only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q10. Regarding family, which statements are correct? (i) Family is a group of related genera. (ii) Genera in a family have fewer similarities than species in a genus. (iii) Family is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a family groups related genera, and genera within a family share fewer characteristics than species within a genus because they are further apart in the hierarchy. Statement (iii) is false because the lowest category is species. Hence, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q11. The scientific name of brinjal is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Brinjal (eggplant) is scientifically named Solanum melongena. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Solanum melongena Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q12. Match the groupings:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Family
1. Genera group
B. Order
2. Family group
C. Class
3. Order group
D. Phylum
4. Class group
Correct Answer: (a)
Family is a group of genera (A-1). Order is a group of families (B-2). Class is a group of orders (C-3). Phylum is a group of classes (D-4). This matches the nested hierarchy of taxonomic ranks.
Q13. Assertion: Family is a group of related genera.
Reason: Genera in a family have fewer similarities than species in a genus.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true: a family is composed of related genera. The reason is also true because as we ascend the taxonomic hierarchy from species to genus to family, the degree of shared characteristics decreases. Genera in a family share some common features but not as many as species within a genus. This reduction in similarity is the reason family is a broader category, explaining the assertion.
Q14. Assertion: Order is an assemblage of families.
Reason: Families in an order share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: an order is a taxonomic rank that brings together families with certain similarities. The reason is also correct: families within the same order share common traits, such as similar floral arrangements in plants or similar limb structures in animals. These shared features are what define an order, so the reason explains the assertion.
Q15. The second word in a biological name represents:
Correct Answer: (a)
The second component of a biological name is the specific epithet, which identifies the particular species within its genus. Together with the genus, it forms the unique binomial name for that species. The specific epithet often describes a characteristic of the organism or honours a person, but it is always written in lowercase. This two‑part system allows precise identification of every known organism.
Q16. Match categories by hierarchy (Bottom up):
Column-I
Column-II
A. Family
1. Lower than Order
B. Order
2. Lower than Class
C. Class
3. Lower than Phylum
D. Phylum
4. Lower than Kingdom
Correct Answer: (a)
Family is lower than order (A-1). Order is lower than class (B-2). Class is lower than phylum (C-3). Phylum is lower than kingdom (D-4). This correctly represents the hierarchical sequence from bottom (family) up to kingdom.
Q17. The process of assigning a scientific name to an organism is called:
Correct Answer: (c)
Nomenclature is the formal system of providing distinct and proper names to organisms so that they are recognized uniformly worldwide. It ensures that each species has a single, universally accepted name. Unlike classification (which groups organisms) or identification (which determines identity), nomenclature specifically deals with naming. This process is governed by international codes such as the ICBN for plants and ICZN for animals.
Q18. Assertion: Kingdom is the highest taxonomic category.
Reason: All organisms are grouped into kingdoms.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: in the classic Linnaean hierarchy, Kingdom is the broadest and highest taxonomic rank. The reason is also true because all living organisms are classified into one of the kingdoms (e.g., Animalia, Plantae) based on basic cellular and organizational differences. This grouping is the fundamental purpose of the highest category, so the reason explains why kingdom is the topmost rank.
Q19. Assertion: Binomial nomenclature uses two words for naming.
Reason: The first word is genus and the second is species.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: binomial nomenclature always consists of two words. The reason is also correct: the first word denotes the genus and the second denotes the specific epithet (species). This system is the foundation of modern biological naming, ensuring each species has a unique and stable name. The reason directly explains the assertion.
Q20. Assertion: Genus is a group of related species.
Reason: Species in a genus have more characters in common.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct because a genus is a taxonomic rank that aggregates closely related species. The reason is also correct: species within the same genus share more characteristics—both morphological and genetic—than species from different genera. This greater commonality is the basis for grouping them together, and the reason directly explains why a genus is defined as such.
Q21. Match Column-I with Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Binomial nomenclature
1. Two-word naming system
B. Taxon
2. Rank or category
C. Species
3. Individuals with fundamental similarities
D. Genus
4. Group of related species
Correct Answer: (a)
Binomial nomenclature is the two‑word naming system (A-1). A taxon is a rank or category in classification (B-2). Species is a group of individuals with fundamental similarities (C-3). Genus is a group of related species (D-4). These pairings reflect the key terminology and definitions used in the living world chapter.
Q22. Regarding phylum, which statements are correct? (i) Phylum includes related classes. (ii) Classes in a phylum share some common features. (iii) Phylum is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a phylum includes related classes, and those classes share common structural features. Statement (iii) is false because phylum is a high rank, not the lowest. So only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q23. Match scientific components:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Identification
1. Correct description
B. Characterisation
2. Observing traits
C. Nomenclature
3. Standard naming
D. Classification
4. Grouping organisms into categories
Correct Answer: (a)
Identification involves correct description of an organism (A-1). Characterisation is the observation of traits (B-2). Nomenclature is standard naming (C-3). Classification groups organisms into categories (D-4). These are the basic steps in taxonomic studies.
Q24. Match the taxon with an example from the lion's classification:
Column-I (Taxon)
Column-II (Example)
A. Species
1. leo
B. Genus
2. Panthera
C. Family
3. Felidae
D. Order
4. Carnivora
Correct Answer: (a)
The lion's species is leo (A-1). Its genus is Panthera (B-2). The family is Felidae (C-3), and the order is Carnivora (D-4). This hierarchy correctly maps the lion's taxonomic classification from species up to order.
Q25. Regarding class, which statements are correct? (i) Class includes related orders. (ii) Orders in a class share some common features. (iii) Class is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a class includes related orders, and orders in a class share common features. Statement (iii) is false because class is a high rank. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q26. Assertion: Kingdom is the highest taxonomic category.
Reason: All organisms are grouped into kingdoms.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: Kingdom is the broadest rank in the traditional hierarchy, encompassing all life forms. The reason is also true: every organism belongs to one of the five (or more) kingdoms based on fundamental characteristics. This grouping is the defining feature of the highest category, so the reason explains why kingdom is the topmost rank.
Q27. The scientific name of housefly is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The housefly is known as Musca domestica. The genus Musca is written with an initial capital, and the species epithet domestica is in lowercase. This follows the standard binomial format. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Musca domestica Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q28. The scientific name of potato is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Potato belongs to the genus Solanum and the species tuberosum. The correct binomial is Solanum tuberosum, with the genus capitalized and the species in lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Solanum tuberosum Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q29. Assertion: Family has a group of related genera.
Reason: Genera in a family have fewer similarities than species in a genus.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true: a family is a higher taxonomic category that includes one or more related genera. The reason is also true because as we move up the hierarchy from species to family, the number of shared characters decreases. Genera within a family share some common features but fewer than species within a genus. This reduction in similarity explains why families are broader groups, supporting the assertion.
Q30. The scientific name of wheat is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Wheat is scientifically named Triticum aestivum. Following binomial rules, the genus Triticum is capitalized, and the specific epithet aestivum is in lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Triticum aestivum Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q31. Match Mango taxonomy:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Species
1. indica
B. Genus
2. Mangifera
C. Family
3. Anacardiaceae
D. Order
4. Sapindales
Correct Answer: (a)
Mango's species is indica (A-1), genus Mangifera (B-2), family Anacardiaceae (C-3), order Sapindales (D-4). This is the correct taxonomic placement.
Q32. The scientific name of leopard is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The leopard is scientifically Panthera pardus. The genus Panthera is common to lions, tigers, and leopards. The specific epithet pardus must be in lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Panthera pardus Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q33. The scientific name of dog is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The domestic dog is named Canis familiaris. The genus Canis is capitalized; the species epithet familiaris is lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Canis familiaris Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q34. The scientific name of gorilla is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The gorilla has a tautonym, meaning the genus and species names are identical: Gorilla gorilla. The genus is capitalized, and the species is lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Gorilla gorilla Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q35. Assertion: Systematics includes evolutionary relationships.
Reason: Systematics is based on evolutionary relationships.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: systematics goes beyond naming and classification to include evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships. The reason is also correct because systematics is fundamentally rooted in the study of evolutionary connections between organisms, using evidence from fossils, genetics, and morphology. This basis directly explains why systematics incorporates evolutionary relationships.
Q36. Assertion: Class includes related orders.
Reason: Orders in a class share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true: a class is a high‑level category that groups together several related orders. The reason is also true: orders within a class share fundamental features, such as the presence of hair and mammary glands in mammals. These common characteristics are the basis for placing orders in the same class, so the reason correctly explains the assertion.
Q37. Match the naming concepts:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Binomial nomenclature
1. Generic + Specific
B. Taxon
2. Biological rank
C. Species
3. Unit of nature
D. Genus
4. Collection of species
Correct Answer: (a)
Binomial nomenclature uses generic + specific names (A-1). A taxon is a biological rank (B-2). Species is a unit of nature (C-3). Genus is a collection of species (D-4). These pairings accurately reflect the core concepts.
Q38. Assertion: Taxonomy deals with identification, nomenclature and classification.
Reason: Taxonomy is the branch of science for these processes.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true because taxonomy encompasses the identification, naming, and classification of organisms. The reason correctly states that taxonomy is the branch of science responsible for these processes. This directly supports the assertion, as the definition of taxonomy includes these three core activities. Therefore, both statements are true and the reason is the correct explanation.
Q39. Match the processes in Column-I with their functions in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Taxonomy
1. Identification, naming and classification
B. Systematics
2. Study of evolutionary relationships
C. Nomenclature
3. Assigning a standardized scientific name
D. Classification
4. Grouping organisms into categories
Correct Answer: (a)
Taxonomy is the overall process of identification, naming, and classification (A-1). Systematics specifically focuses on evolutionary relationships (B-2). Nomenclature is the act of assigning a standardized scientific name (C-3). Classification is the grouping of organisms into categories (D-4). These definitions are distinct and correctly paired.
Q40. Regarding kingdom, which statements are correct? (i) Kingdom is the highest taxonomic category. (ii) All organisms are grouped into kingdoms. (iii) Kingdom is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: kingdom is the highest rank, and all organisms are placed into kingdoms. Statement (iii) is false because kingdom is not the lowest. So only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q41. The term 'taxon' refers to:
Correct Answer: (b)
In biological classification, a taxon (plural: taxa) is any unit or category used in the hierarchy of classification. It can be a rank such as species, genus, family, or order. Each taxon represents a group of organisms sharing common features at that level. While a species or genus is a taxon, the term itself broadly refers to the rank or category rather than just a specific group.
Q42. Regarding systematics, which statements are correct? (i) Systematics includes evolutionary relationships. (ii) Systematics is based on evolutionary relationships. (iii) Systematics is used only for plants.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: systematics incorporates evolutionary relationships and is built upon phylogeny. Statement (iii) is false because systematics encompasses all organisms. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q43. Assertion: Class includes related orders.
Reason: Orders in a class share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct because a class is a broad taxonomic category that contains several related orders. The reason is also true: orders within a class share basic structural and functional features, such as the presence of mammary glands in class Mammalia. These common traits are the basis for grouping orders into a class, making the reason a correct explanation.
Q44. Match terms with creators/definitions:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Binomial system
1. Linnaeus
B. Taxon
2. Concrete biological object
C. Species
3. Lowest level
D. Genus
4. Generic name
Correct Answer: (a)
The binomial system was introduced by Linnaeus (A-1). A taxon is a concrete biological object or group (B-2). Species is the lowest taxonomic level (C-3). Genus is a generic name (D-4). These pairings reflect common usage in taxonomy.
Q45. The scientific name of cat is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The domestic cat is Felis catus. The genus Felis is capitalized, and catus is the specific epithet written in lowercase. This follows the binomial system. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Felis catus Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q46. The first word in a biological name represents:
Correct Answer: (b)
Biological names are typically in Latin and consist of two parts: the first word denotes the genus, and the second denotes the specific epithet (species). The genus is a higher taxonomic level that groups closely related species. For example, in Homo sapiens, Homo is the genus. This convention ensures clarity and universality in scientific communication.
Q47. Regarding order, which statements are correct? (i) Order is an assemblage of families. (ii) Families in an order share some common features. (iii) Order is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: an order consists of one or more families, and families within an order share certain common characteristics. Statement (iii) is false because order is a higher rank, not the lowest. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q48. Regarding species, which statements are correct? (i) Species is a group of individuals with fundamental similarities. (ii) Species can be distinguished based on distinct morphological differences. (iii) Species is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (d)
All three statements are correct. Species are groups of similar individuals, are identified by morphological differences, and represent the lowest taxonomic rank. These points are fundamental to the concept of a species.
Q49. The branch of science that includes evolutionary relationships is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Systematics is the study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships. It goes beyond taxonomy by incorporating phylogenetic analysis, which traces the evolutionary history of species. This branch uses morphological, genetic, and molecular data to reconstruct evolutionary trees. While taxonomy provides the naming and classification, systematics adds the dimension of evolutionary connections among organisms.
Q50. Assertion: Species is a group of individuals with fundamental similarities.
Reason: Species can be distinguished based on distinct morphological differences.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true because a species consists of individuals that share fundamental similarities in their structure and genetic make-up. The reason is also true: morphological differences are the primary means by which taxonomists distinguish one species from another. These differences allow species to be identified and classified, so the reason explains the assertion.
Q51. Regarding class, which statements are correct? (i) Class includes related orders. (ii) Orders in a class share some common features. (iii) Class is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a class is a taxonomic rank that contains related orders, and orders within a class share common features. Statement (iii) is false because class is not the lowest; species is. Thus, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q52. Match higher plant categories:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Family
1. Convolvulaceae
B. Order
2. Polymoniales
C. Class
3. Dicotyledonae
D. Division
4. Angiospermae
Correct Answer: (a)
Convolvulaceae is a plant family (A-1). Polymoniales is an order (B-2). Dicotyledonae is a class (C-3). Angiospermae is a division (D-4). These are examples from plant taxonomy.
Q53. Match the lion's hierarchy:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Species
1. leo
B. Genus
2. Panthera
C. Family
3. Felidae
D. Order
4. Carnivora
Correct Answer: (a)
Lion's species is leo (A-1), genus Panthera (B-2), family Felidae (C-3), and order Carnivora (D-4). This is the standard taxonomic lineage for the lion.
Q54. The highest taxonomic category is:
Correct Answer: (d)
The kingdom is the broadest and highest rank in the traditional taxonomic hierarchy. All organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on fundamental characteristics such as cell type, nutrition, and body organization. For example, plants and animals belong to separate kingdoms. Above the kingdom, some modern systems use domains, but in the classic hierarchy, kingdom is the topmost category.
Q55. The scientific name of mango is:
Correct Answer: (b)
In binomial nomenclature, the generic name (genus) always begins with a capital letter, while the specific epithet (species) starts with a lowercase letter. Hence Mangifera indica is the correct format for the mango. The inclusion of 'Linn.' is the author citation. The other options either capitalize the specific epithet or omit the species name entirely, making them incorrect.
Q56. Assertion: Order is a higher category than family.
Reason: Order is an assemblage of families.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion that order is higher than family is correct because the taxonomic hierarchy places family below order. The reason explains this by stating that an order is made up of one or more related families. This is the defining characteristic of an order: it aggregates families that share broader similarities. Therefore, the reason correctly explains why order is a higher category.
Q57. Assertion: Order is an assemblage of families.
Reason: Families in an order share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: an order is a taxonomic rank that comprises several related families. The reason is also correct because families within an order share certain common characters, such as similar floral structures in plants or similar dietary adaptations in animals. These common features justify grouping the families into the same order, and the reason explains the assertion.
Q58. Assertion: Taxonomy deals with identification, nomenclature and classification.
Reason: Taxonomy is the branch of science for these processes.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true because taxonomy is defined by these three activities: identifying organisms, assigning scientific names, and arranging them into a hierarchical system. The reason is also true because taxonomy is the specific branch of biology that handles these tasks. This makes the reason a clear and correct explanation of the assertion.
Q59. Regarding kingdom, which statements are correct? (i) Kingdom is the highest taxonomic category. (ii) All organisms are grouped into kingdoms. (iii) Kingdom is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: kingdom is the highest rank in the traditional hierarchy, and all organisms belong to one of the kingdoms. Statement (iii) is false because kingdom is not the lowest; species is. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q60. Match the taxonomic categories in Column-I with their definitions in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Species
1. Group of individuals with fundamental similarities
B. Genus
2. Group of related species
C. Family
3. Group of related genera
D. Order
4. Assemblage of families
Correct Answer: (a)
Species is correctly defined as a group of individuals with fundamental similarities, making A-1. Genus is a group of related species, so B-2. Family consists of related genera, thus C-3. Order is an assemblage of families, so D-4. This matching follows the standard taxonomic hierarchy from species up to order, each definition accurately describing the respective category.
Q61. Regarding taxonomy, which statements are correct? (i) Taxonomy deals with identification, nomenclature and classification. (ii) Taxonomy is the branch of science for these processes. (iii) Taxonomy is used only for animals.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: taxonomy covers identification, nomenclature, and classification, and it is the dedicated branch for these activities. Statement (iii) is false because taxonomy applies to all life forms. Thus, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q62. Match human classification:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Class
1. Mammalia
B. Phylum
2. Chordata
C. Kingdom
3. Animalia
D. Division
4. Spermatophyta (example)
Correct Answer: (a)
Humans are class Mammalia (A-1), phylum Chordata (B-2), kingdom Animalia (C-3). Division Spermatophyta is an example for plants (D-4). This matches human and plant taxonomic ranks.
Q63. The branch of science dealing with identification, nomenclature and classification is:
Correct Answer: (b)
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the identification, naming (nomenclature), and classification of organisms. It provides a framework for organizing the diversity of life. While systematics also includes evolutionary relationships, taxonomy focuses on the basic processes of characterization, identification, and classification. Ecology studies interactions between organisms and their environment, and biology is the broader field.
Q64. The scientific name of lion is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The lion's scientific name is Panthera leo, where Panthera is the genus (shared with tigers and leopards) and leo is the specific epithet. The genus name is capitalized; the species name is not. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Panthera leo Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q65. Match the following:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Taxonomy
1. Identifying and naming
B. Systematics
2. Phylogeny/Evolution
C. Nomenclature
3. Binomial rules
D. Classification
4. Hierarchy of ranks
Correct Answer: (a)
Taxonomy is concerned with identifying and naming organisms (A-1). Systematics incorporates evolutionary/phylogenetic relationships (B-2). Nomenclature follows binomial rules (C-3). Classification arranges organisms in a hierarchy of ranks (D-4). These definitions correctly distinguish the sub‑disciplines of biological organization.
Q66. The term 'biodiversity' refers to:
Correct Answer: (a)
Biodiversity encompasses the total number and variety of organisms found on Earth. It includes all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they form. Current estimates suggest there are between 1.7 to 1.8 million described species, though the actual number is much higher. This broad definition makes biodiversity a key concept in understanding life on our planet.
Q67. The scientific name of tiger is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The tiger is Panthera tigris. Following binomial conventions, the genus is Panthera (capital) and the species is tigris (lowercase). While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Panthera tigris Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q68. Regarding genus, which statements are correct? (i) Genus is a group of related species. (ii) Species in a genus have more characters in common. (iii) Genus is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a genus groups related species that share many characteristics. Statement (iii) is false because species is the lowest category. So only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q69. Assertion: Species is the lowest taxonomic category.
Reason: All organisms in a species share fundamental similarities.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct because species is indeed the most basic unit of classification, forming the foundation of the taxonomic hierarchy. The reason is also correct because members of a species exhibit fundamental similarities in morphology, physiology, and genetics. These similarities are what define a species and allow its recognition as a distinct group. The reason directly explains why species is the lowest category, as it is the level at which organisms share the greatest number of common features.
Q70. Regarding species, which statements are correct? (i) Species is the lowest taxonomic category. (ii) All organisms in a species share fundamental similarities. (iii) Species can be distinguished based on distinct morphological differences.
Correct Answer: (d)
All three statements about species are correct. Species is indeed the lowest taxonomic category in the hierarchy. Members of a species share fundamental similarities in their morphology, genetics, and behaviour. Distinct morphological differences are the primary criteria used by taxonomists to separate one species from another. Together, these features define the concept of a species.
Q71. Regarding binomial nomenclature, which statements are correct? (i) Binomial nomenclature uses two words for naming. (ii) The first word is genus and the second is species. (iii) Binomial nomenclature is used for all organisms.
Correct Answer: (d)
All three statements are correct. Binomial nomenclature indeed uses two words: the genus and the specific epithet. It is the universal system for naming all organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. This system ensures that each species has a unique, globally recognized name, facilitating clear communication in biology.
Q72. Assertion: Phylum includes related classes.
Reason: Classes in a phylum share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true: a phylum (or division) is a high-level rank that groups together related classes. The reason is also true because classes within a phylum share fundamental organizational features, like the dorsal hollow nerve cord in chordates. These shared features justify the grouping, and the reason directly explains the assertion.
Q73. The scientific name of human is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Humans are scientifically named Homo sapiens, where Homo is the genus and sapiens is the species. The genus name is capitalized, while the species epithet is in lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Homo sapiens Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q74. Assertion: Genus comprises a group of related species.
Reason: Species in a genus have more characters in common.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is accurate: a genus is a taxonomic rank that groups together closely related species that share a common ancestor. The reason is also true because species within the same genus exhibit a higher degree of similarity in morphological, genetic, and ecological traits than species from different genera. This commonality is the basis for placing them together in one genus. Hence the reason correctly explains why species are grouped into genera.
Q75. Assertion: Genus is a group of related species.
Reason: Species in a genus have more characters in common.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: a genus is a taxonomic rank that groups together species that are evolutionarily and morphologically close. The reason is also correct: species within the same genus share more characteristics—such as structural features and genetic sequences—than with species from other genera. This greater similarity is the basis for grouping them into a genus, and the reason explains the assertion.
Q76. Assertion: Systematics includes evolutionary relationships.
Reason: Systematics is based on evolutionary relationships.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: systematics not only deals with classification but also incorporates the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of organisms. The reason is also true because systematics is fundamentally built upon the concept of evolutionary relationships, using genetic, morphological, and fossil data to trace lineages. This evolutionary basis is what distinguishes systematics from mere taxonomy, making the reason a direct and correct explanation of the assertion.
Q77. Match rank with level:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Class
1. Intermediate rank
B. Phylum
2. Major grouping
C. Kingdom
3. Highest rank
D. Species
4. Basic rank
Correct Answer: (a)
Class is an intermediate rank between phylum and order (A-1). Phylum is a major grouping (B-2). Kingdom is the highest rank (C-3). Species is the basic rank (D-4). These descriptions fit the relative positions in the hierarchy.
Q78. Assertion: Class includes related orders.
Reason: Orders in a class share some common features.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: a class is a taxonomic rank that groups together related orders based on broader similarities. The reason is also correct because orders within the same class share certain common features, such as body plan or reproductive strategies. This shared set of characteristics justifies placing them in the same class, and the reason directly explains the assertion.
Q79. Regarding class, which statements are correct? (i) Class includes related orders. (ii) Orders in a class share some common features. (iii) Class is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a class includes related orders, and orders in a class share common features. Statement (iii) is false because class is not the lowest category; species is. Hence, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q80. Assertion: Binomial nomenclature uses two words for naming.
Reason: The first word is genus and the second is species.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is correct: binomial nomenclature indeed employs two words—a generic name and a specific epithet. The reason elaborates that the first word represents the genus and the second the species, which is the core principle of this naming system. This two‑part structure ensures each organism has a unique, globally recognized name. The reason thus correctly explains the assertion.
Q81. Match the terms:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Taxonomy
1. Scientific grouping
B. Systematics
2. Evolutionary links
C. Nomenclature
3. Formal naming
D. Classification
4. Rank arrangement
Correct Answer: (a)
Taxonomy is scientific grouping (A-1). Systematics deals with evolutionary links (B-2). Nomenclature is formal naming (C-3). Classification is rank arrangement (D-4). These definitions correctly summarize the roles of each term.
Q82. The scientific name of frog is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The common Indian bullfrog is Rana tigrina. The genus Rana is capitalized, and tigrina is the specific epithet in lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Rana tigrina Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q83. The scientific name of monkey is:
Correct Answer: (c)
The rhesus monkey is named Macaca mulatta. The genus Macaca is capitalized; the species mulatta is lowercase. While option (a) is a correctly formatted binomial name, option (c) Macaca mulatta Linn. is more complete because it includes the author citation ('Linn.' for Linnaeus).
Q84. Match the wheat taxonomy:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Class
1. Monocotyledonae
B. Division
2. Angiospermae
C. Genus
3. Triticum
D. Order
4. Poales
Correct Answer: (a)
Wheat is classified under class Monocotyledonae (A-1), division Angiospermae (B-2), genus Triticum (C-3), and order Poales (D-4). These ranks correctly place wheat in the plant kingdom.
Q85. Regarding genus, which statements are correct? (i) Genus is a group of related species. (ii) Species in a genus have more characters in common. (iii) Genus is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a genus groups related species, and species within a genus share more common features than with species in other genera. Statement (iii) is false because species is the lowest category. So only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q86. Regarding phylum, which statements are correct? (i) Phylum includes related classes. (ii) Classes in a phylum share some common features. (iii) Phylum is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a phylum includes related classes, and classes within a phylum share common structural features. Statement (iii) is false because phylum is not the lowest; species is. Hence, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q87. Match the study branches:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Taxonomy
1. Descriptive rank
B. Systematics
2. Ancestral link
C. Nomenclature
3. Labeling
D. Classification
4. Categorization
Correct Answer: (a)
Taxonomy provides descriptive ranks (A-1). Systematics traces ancestral links (B-2). Nomenclature is labeling (C-3). Classification is categorization (D-4). These summaries capture the essence of each branch.
Q88. Match the housefly taxonomy:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Species
1. domestica
B. Genus
2. Musca
C. Family
3. Muscidae
D. Order
4. Diptera
Correct Answer: (a)
Housefly's species is domestica (A-1), genus Musca (B-2), family Muscidae (C-3), order Diptera (D-4). This is the correct taxonomic classification.
Q89. Assertion: Species is a group of individuals with fundamental similarities.
Reason: Species can be distinguished based on distinct morphological differences.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true because a species is defined as a group of individuals that share fundamental similarities in structure, function, and genetic makeup. The reason is also true: distinct morphological differences are key criteria used to distinguish one species from another. These differences are the practical way taxonomists identify and separate species, so the reason supports and explains the assertion.
Q90. Regarding family, which statements are correct? (i) Family is a group of related genera. (ii) Genera in a family have fewer similarities than species in a genus. (iii) Family is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a family is made up of related genera, and those genera share fewer similarities than species within a genus. Statement (iii) is false because family is not the lowest. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q91. Match Column-I with Column-II concepts:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Binomial nomenclature
1. Linnaeus
B. Taxon
2. Unit of classification
C. Species
3. Basic category
D. Genus
4. Higher than species
Correct Answer: (a)
Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Linnaeus (A-1). A taxon is a unit of classification (B-2). Species is the basic category (C-3). Genus is a rank higher than species (D-4). These pairings correctly associate concepts with their definitions or origins.
Q92. Regarding species, which statements are correct? (i) Species is a group of individuals with fundamental similarities. (ii) Species can be distinguished based on distinct morphological differences. (iii) Species is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (d)
All three statements are correct. Species are defined as groups of individuals sharing fundamental similarities, they are identified by distinct morphological differences, and species is indeed the lowest taxonomic rank. These points together provide a complete definition of species in taxonomy.
Q93. The lowest taxonomic category is:
Correct Answer: (a)
The species is the most basic and fundamental unit of classification. It comprises individual organisms that share fundamental similarities and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. All higher categories (genus, family, order, etc.) are groups of related species. Thus, species is the lowest rank in the taxonomic hierarchy, forming the basis for all classification.
Q94. Regarding taxonomy, which statements are correct? (i) Taxonomy deals with identification, nomenclature and classification. (ii) Taxonomy is the branch of science for these processes. (iii) Taxonomy is used only for animals.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: taxonomy encompasses identification, nomenclature, and classification, and it is the specific branch of biology responsible for these tasks. Statement (iii) is false because taxonomy applies to all organisms, including plants, fungi, and microorganisms, not just animals. Hence, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q95. Regarding family, which statements are correct? (i) Family is a group of related genera. (ii) Genera in a family have fewer similarities than species in a genus. (iii) Family is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a family consists of related genera, and genera within a family share fewer similarities than species within a genus. Statement (iii) is false because family is a higher rank than species. Thus, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q96. Regarding genus, which statements are correct? (i) Genus is a group of related species. (ii) Species in a genus have more characters in common. (iii) Genus is the lowest taxonomic category.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct: a genus comprises related species that share many common characters. Statement (iii) is false because the lowest taxonomic category is species, not genus. Genus is a higher rank that aggregates species. Therefore, only (i) and (ii) are correct.
Q97. Assertion: Family is a group of related genera.
Reason: Genera in a family have fewer similarities than species in a genus.
Correct Answer: (a)
The assertion is true: a family is a higher category that includes one or more related genera. The reason is also true because as you move from species to genus to family, the number of shared characteristics decreases. Genera in a family share some common features but fewer than species in a single genus. This reduction in similarity is what makes family a broader group, and the reason explains the assertion.
Q98. The binomial nomenclature system was introduced by:
Correct Answer: (b)
Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, developed the binomial system of nomenclature in his work Species Plantarum (1753). This system uses two Latinized words for each species, providing a standardized method that is still used by biologists worldwide. Aristotle was an early philosopher who classified organisms but did not use binomial nomenclature, while Whittaker proposed the five‑kingdom system and Darwin is known for evolution, not naming conventions.
Q99. Match categories by complexity:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Family
1. Solanaceae
B. Order
2. Polymoniales
C. Class
3. Dicotyledonae
D. Phylum
4. Chordata
Correct Answer: (a)
Family Solanaceae (e.g., potato) matches A-1. Order Polymoniales (or similar) matches B-2. Class Dicotyledonae matches C-3. Phylum Chordata matches D-4. These are representative examples of each category in plant and animal classification.
Q100. Match the taxonomic levels:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Family
1. Group of related genera
B. Order
2. Assemblage of families
C. Class
3. Includes related orders
D. Phylum
4. Includes related classes
Correct Answer: (a)
Family is a group of related genera (A-1). Order is an assemblage of families (B-2). Class includes related orders (C-3). Phylum includes related classes (D-4). This follows the standard hierarchy from family up to phylum, with each rank correctly defined by the groupings it contains.