Correct Answer: (d)
A flower is a modified shoot where the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem.
Q6. Regarding stem, which statements are correct? (i) It is the ascending part. (ii) It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. (iii) It conducts water, minerals and food.
Correct Answer: (d)
The stem acts as the primary transport channel and structural support of the shoot.
Q7. Assertion: The root cap protects the tender apex of the root.
Reason: It covers the root apex as it moves through the soil.
Correct Answer: (a)
The physical covering provided by the root cap protects the meristematic tip from soil abrasion.
Q8. Match the placentation types with their features:
Q9. Regarding region of meristematic activity, which statements are correct? (i) It is responsible for cell division. (ii) Cells divide repeatedly. (iii) It is found above the root cap.
Correct Answer: (d)
This zone contains the primary dividing cells that produce all other root tissues.
Q10. The region of the stem where leaves are born is called:
Correct Answer: (a)
Nodes are the regions of the stem where leaves are attached.
Q11. The outermost whorl of the flower is called:
Correct Answer: (a)
The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower and the members are called sepals.
Q12. Regarding floral diagram, which statements are correct? (i) It shows the arrangement of floral parts. (ii) Calyx is the outermost whorl. (iii) Gynoecium is in the centre.
Correct Answer: (d)
The floral diagram provides a cross-sectional map of the flower's organization.
Q13. Assertion: The axillary bud develops into a branch.
Reason: It is present in the axil of the petiole.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but the location in the axil does not automatically explain its developmental fate as a branch.
Q14. Regarding root system, which statements are correct? (i) It is the underground part. (ii) It provides anchorage. (iii) It absorbs water and minerals.
Correct Answer: (d)
The root system provides support and essential nutrients from the soil.
Q15. Assertion: The seed is made up of a seed coat and an embryo.
Reason: The embryo consists of a radicle, plumule and cotyledons.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true regarding the structure of a seed, but the internal components of the embryo don't explain the composition of the seed.
Q18. The underground part of the flowering plant is called:
Correct Answer: (b)
The underground part of a flowering plant is the root system, while the portion above the ground is the shoot system.
Q19. Regarding root cap, which statements are correct? (i) It protects the tender apex. (ii) It covers the root apex as it moves through soil. (iii) It is found at the root tip.
Correct Answer: (d)
The root cap is a thimble-like structure crucial for the root's soil penetration.
Q20. Match the stem regions with their definitions:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Node
(I) Region where leaves are born
B. Internode
(II) Portion between two nodes
C. Apex
(III) Tip of the stem
D. Base
(IV) Bottom of the stem
Correct Answer: (a)
Node: where leaves are born; Internode: between nodes; Apex: tip; Base: bottom.
Q21. When the veins run parallel to each other, the venation is called:
Correct Answer: (a)
When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as parallel.
Q22. Regarding seed coat, which statements are correct? (i) It has two layers: testa and tegmen. (ii) The hilum is a scar on the seed coat. (iii) The micropyle is a small pore above the hilum.
Correct Answer: (d)
The seed coat provides protection and features for water entry (micropyle) and attachment (hilum).
Q23. Assertion: The ovary matures into a fruit after fertilisation.
Reason: The ovules develop into seeds.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both events occur post-fertilization, but the development of seeds doesn't explain the ripening of the ovary into a fruit.
Q24. Assertion: The pericarp may be dry or fleshy.
Reason: It is the wall of the fruit.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but being the wall of the fruit doesn't explain why it varies between dry and fleshy textures.
Q25. Assertion: The region of maturation is where cells differentiate and mature.
Reason: Some epidermal cells form root hairs in this region.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but the formation of root hairs is an example of maturation, not the complete explanation for why the region is called the maturation zone.
Q26. In alternate phyllotaxy:
Correct Answer: (a)
In alternate type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in alternate manner.
Q27. Match the plant parts with their primary descriptions:
Q34. Regarding fruit, which statements are correct? (i) It is a mature or ripened ovary. (ii) It develops after fertilisation. (iii) It consists of pericarp and seeds.
Correct Answer: (d)
A fruit is a botanical term for a fertilized ovary containing developing seeds.
Q35. The green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets is called:
Correct Answer: (c)
The lamina or leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets.
Q36. The male reproductive organ in a flower is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Androecium is composed of stamens, which represent the male reproductive organ.
Q37. Match the embryonic parts with their development:
Correct Answer: (b)
In racemose type of inflorescences the main axis continues to grow, and flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession.
Q40. Regarding phyllotaxy, which statements are correct? (i) Alternate phyllotaxy has a single leaf at each node. (ii) Opposite phyllotaxy has a pair of leaves at each node. (iii) Whorled phyllotaxy has more than two leaves at a node.
Correct Answer: (d)
Phyllotaxy refers to the mathematical and physical arrangement of leaves on a node.
Q41. Regarding corolla, which statements are correct? (i) It is composed of petals. (ii) Petals are usually brightly coloured. (iii) It attracts insects for pollination.
Correct Answer: (d)
The corolla is evolved for visual attraction to aid in cross-pollination.
Q43. Regarding gynoecium, which statements are correct? (i) It is the female reproductive organ. (ii) It consists of carpels. (iii) Each carpel has stigma, style and ovary.
Correct Answer: (d)
The gynoecium is the centermost whorl composed of one or more carpels.
Q44. The ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers and fruits is called:
Correct Answer: (b)
The stem is the ascending part of the axis that develops from the plumule of the embryo.
Q45. Regarding pericarp, which statements are correct? (i) It may be dry or fleshy. (ii) It is the wall of the fruit. (iii) It is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.
Correct Answer: (d)
The pericarp is the fruit wall, which can have multiple distinct layers in fleshy fruits.
Q46. Assertion: The fruit is a mature or ripened ovary.
Reason: It develops after fertilisation.
Correct Answer: (a)
Ripening of the ovary is the direct biological consequence of the fertilization process.
Q47. Regarding calyx, which statements are correct? (i) It is the outermost whorl. (ii) Its members are sepals. (iii) It protects the flower in the bud stage.
Correct Answer: (d)
The calyx serves primarily as a protective layer during the flower's development.
Correct Answer: (d)
When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called compound.
Q51. Regarding venation, which statements are correct? (i) Reticulate venation is found in dicots. (ii) Parallel venation is found in monocots. (iii) Venation is the arrangement of veins and veinlets.
Correct Answer: (d)
Venation is the term for vein patterns, differing characteristically between dicots and monocots.
Q52. Match placentation features:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Marginal
(I) Ventral suture ridge
B. Axile
(II) Attached to axis
C. Parietal
(III) Inner wall
D. Basal
(IV) Base of ovary
Correct Answer: (a)
Correct structural descriptions of placentation.
Q53. Assertion: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow.
Reason: In cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in a flower.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true definitions of inflorescence types, but the behavior of cymose does not explain the behavior of racemose.
Q54. Assertion: The midrib is the middle prominent vein in the leaf.
Reason: It provides rigidity and acts as a channel for transport.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but the function of transport doesn't explain the 'prominent' appearance of the midrib.
Q55. Assertion: The region of meristematic activity is responsible for cell division.
Reason: Cells in this region divide repeatedly.
Correct Answer: (a)
Meristematic cells are defined by their ability to undergo repeated cell division.
Q56. Regarding leaf, which statements are correct? (i) It is a lateral, flattened structure. (ii) It is the most important organ for photosynthesis. (iii) It is attached to the stem by the leaf base.
Correct Answer: (d)
These are the fundamental characteristics of a leaf as a vegetative organ.
Q57. Regarding monocotyledonous seed, which statements are correct? (i) It has one cotyledon. (ii) It is endospermic. (iii) The embryo is small and situated in a groove.
Correct Answer: (d)
Monocot seeds (like maize) characteristically have a single cotyledon (scutellum) and persistent endosperm.
Q58. Assertion: The embryo consists of a radicle, plumule and cotyledons.
Reason: The radicle develops into the root and the plumule into the shoot.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but the future development of radicle/plumule is not the explanation for why the embryo has those parts.
Q59. Match venation and phyllotaxy with their plant groups:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Reticulate venation
(I) Dicotyledonous plants
B. Parallel venation
(II) Monocotyledonous plants
C. Alternate phyllotaxy
(III) Single leaf at each node
D. Opposite phyllotaxy
(IV) Pair of leaves at each node
Correct Answer: (a)
Reticulate: dicots; Parallel: monocots; Alternate: single leaf; Opposite: pair of leaves.
Q60. Match the ovary positions with their descriptions:
Q62. Assertion: The gynoecium is the female reproductive organ.
Reason: It consists of carpels.
Correct Answer: (a)
Gynoecium is the collective term for carpels, the female reproductive units.
Q63. Assertion: The leaf is a lateral, flattened structure.
Reason: It is the most important vegetative organ for photosynthesis.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both statements are true facts about leaves, but the fact that it is a 'flattened structure' is not explained by its importance in photosynthesis.
Q64. A leaf is said to be simple when:
Correct Answer: (d)
A leaf is simple when its lamina is entire or when incised, the incisions do not touch the midrib.
Q65. The four different kinds of whorls in a typical flower are:
Correct Answer: (a)
A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.
Q66. Regarding seed, which statements are correct? (i) It is formed from the ovule after fertilisation. (ii) It contains an embryo and seed coat. (iii) The embryo has radicle, plumule and cotyledons.
Correct Answer: (d)
The seed is the unit of dispersal containing the miniature future plant.
Q67. The pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch is called:
Correct Answer: (b)
Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.
Q69. Regarding dicotyledonous seed, which statements are correct? (i) It has two cotyledons. (ii) It is non-endospermic. (iii) The cotyledons are fleshy and full of food.
Correct Answer: (d)
Most dicot seeds (like pea and gram) store food directly in the cotyledons and lack endosperm at maturity.
Q70. Regarding androecium, which statements are correct? (i) It is the male reproductive organ. (ii) It consists of stamens. (iii) Each stamen has a filament and an anther.
Correct Answer: (d)
Stamens are the components of the androecium, producing pollen in the anthers.
Q71. Match seed classification:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Dicot seed
(I) Two cotyledons
B. Monocot seed
(II) One cotyledon
C. Endospermic
(III) Endosperm present
D. Non-endospermic
(IV) Endosperm absent
Correct Answer: (a)
Basic classification based on cotyledons and endosperm.
Q72. Match ovary types with descriptions:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Hypogynous
(I) Gynoecium highest
B. Perigynous
(II) Gynoecium in centre
C. Epigynous
(III) Thalamus grows up
D. Superior ovary
(IV) Ovary above other parts
Correct Answer: (a)
Positions based on the attachment relative to the thalamus.
Q73. The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is called:
Correct Answer: (b)
The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as inflorescence.
Q74. Regarding placentation, which statements are correct? (i) Marginal placentation is found in pea. (ii) Axile placentation is found in china rose. (iii) Parietal placentation is found in mustard.
Correct Answer: (d)
These are characteristic examples of how ovules are arranged within the ovary.
Q75. When the veinlets form a network, the venation is called:
Correct Answer: (b)
When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as reticulate, typical of dicots.
Q76. Assertion: The flower is a modified shoot.
Reason: The shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem.
Correct Answer: (a)
The transformation of the meristem is what structurally modifies the shoot into a flower.
Q77. In opposite phyllotaxy:
Correct Answer: (b)
In opposite type, a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other.
Correct Answer: (b)
Internodes are the portions of the stem between two successive nodes.
Q80. The reproductive unit in angiosperms is:
Correct Answer: (d)
The flower is the reproductive unit in the angiosperms, meant for sexual reproduction.
Q81. In cymose inflorescence:
Correct Answer: (b)
In cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth.
Q82. Assertion: The pulvinus is a swollen leaf base.
Reason: It is found in some leguminous plants.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but the fact that it is found in legumes is not the 'reason' for it being swollen.
Q83. Regarding floral formula, which statements are correct? (i) Br stands for bracteate. (ii) K stands for calyx. (iii) C stands for corolla.
Correct Answer: (d)
Standard botanical symbols are used to represent the symmetry and whorls of a flower.
Q84. Assertion: Reticulate venation is found in dicotyledonous plants.
Reason: Parallel venation is found in monocotyledonous plants.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true general rules for venation in dicots and monocots, but one does not explain the other.
Q85. Assertion: In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node.
Reason: In opposite phyllotaxy, a pair of leaves arise at each node.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both statements correctly describe different types of phyllotaxy, but they are independent of each other.
Q86. Assertion: The corolla is composed of petals.
Reason: Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract insects.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but petals being colorful is an adaptation for pollination, not an explanation for why the corolla is composed of petals.
Q87. Match the venation and phyllotaxy with groups:
Q88. Assertion: The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower.
Reason: It protects the flower in the bud stage.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but being the outermost whorl is a position, and protection is a function; position doesn't 'explain' function.
Q89. The lateral, generally flattened structure borne on the stem is called:
Correct Answer: (c)
The leaf is a lateral, generally flattened structure borne on the stem at the node.
Q90. In whorled phyllotaxy:
Correct Answer: (c)
If more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl, it is called whorled phyllotaxy.
Q91. Assertion: The root system is the underground part of the flowering plant.
Reason: It provides anchorage and absorbs water and minerals.
Correct Answer: (a)
The root system is underground and serves the functions of anchorage and absorption.
Q92. Assertion: The petiole holds the leaf blade to light.
Reason: Long, flexible petioles allow leaf blades to flutter.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true functions/features of the petiole, but fluttering is for cooling/fresh air, not for 'holding to light'.
Q93. The members of the calyx are called:
Correct Answer: (b)
Sepals are the individual members of the calyx whorl.
Q94. Regarding inflorescence, which statements are correct? (i) Racemose inflorescence has a main axis that continues to grow. (ii) Cymose inflorescence has a main axis that terminates in a flower. (iii) Flowers are borne in acropetal order in racemose.
Correct Answer: (d)
Inflorescence types are classified by the growth potential and flowering order of the main axis.
Q95. Regarding flower, which statements are correct? (i) It is a modified shoot. (ii) It is the reproductive unit in angiosperms. (iii) It has four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium.
Correct Answer: (d)
The flower's structure is optimized for sexual reproduction through specialized modified organs.
Q96. Regarding embryo, which statements are correct? (i) It consists of radicle, plumule and cotyledons. (ii) The radicle develops into the root. (iii) The plumule develops into the shoot.
Correct Answer: (d)
The embryo contains the specialized regions that will form the primary axis of the seedling.
Q97. Match the inflorescence and phyllotaxy types:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Racemose inflorescence
(I) Main axis continues to grow
B. Cymose inflorescence
(II) Main axis terminates in a flower
C. Alternate phyllotaxy
(III) Single leaf at each node
D. Opposite phyllotaxy
(IV) Pair of leaves at each node
Correct Answer: (a)
Racemose: axis grows; Cymose: axis terminates; Alternate: single leaf; Opposite: pair of leaves.