Q1. Assertion: Australian marsupials evolved from an ancestral stock within the Australian island.
Reason: They represent an example of adaptive radiation.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 117-118: Diversification from a single stock within a continent is adaptive radiation.
Q2. Identify correct facts for 'Early Earth atmosphere': (i) No atmosphere initially. (ii) Contained water vapour, methane, and ammonia. (iii) UV rays broke up water into H2 and O2.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 111 description of early earth.
Q3. Darwin made his observations during a sea voyage on a ship called:
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 112: Based on observations made during a sea voyage in a sail ship called H.M.S. Beagle.
Q4. The Big Bang theory attempts to explain:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 111: The Big Bang theory attempts to explain to us the origin of universe.
Q5. Who reached similar conclusions as Darwin while working in the Malay Archipelago?
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 113: Alfred Wallace, a naturalist who worked in Malay Archipelago had also come to similar conclusions.
Q6. Assertion: Darwin's finches represent one of the best examples of adaptive radiation.
Reason: They evolved from a single ancestral stock within the Galapagos Island.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 117-118: Finches diversified from one point into multiple varieties.
Q7. The process of 'Industrial Melanism' in England is an example of:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 115: Another interesting observation supporting evolution by natural selection comes from England (moths).
Q8. Regarding the 'Hatch and Slack Pathway' (as used in Unit 4, but let's stick to Evolution PDF content): (i) The origin of life was preceded by chemical evolution. (ii) Oparin and Haldane proposed life came from non-living organic molecules. (iii) Miller provided the experimental proof.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 111 describes the chemical evolution theory and Miller's proof.
Q9. Which are correct regarding 'Lamarckism'? (i) Driven by use and disuse of organs. (ii) Acquired characters are passed to next generation. (iii) Example of long-necked giraffes.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 118-119 description of Lamarck's theory.
Q10. The theory that life came out of decaying and rotting matter like straw and mud is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 111: It was believed that life came out of decaying and rotting matter... this was the theory of spontaneous generation.
Q11. Assertion: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is affected by gene flow.
Reason: New genes are added to the new population and lost from the old.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 121: Definition of gene flow and its effect on frequency.
Q12. Assertion: The first organisms that invaded land were plants.
Reason: Plants were widespread on land when animals invaded land.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 122: Plants established the terrestrial environment for animals.
Q13. Assertion: Resistance of microbes to antibiotics is an example of anthropogenic evolution.
Reason: It is a result of excessive use of antibiotics by human actions.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 116: Resistant organisms appearing in months/years... are examples of evolution by anthropogenic action.
Q14. The two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution are:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 118: Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution.
Q15. Match the evolutionary concepts in Column-I with descriptions in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Homology
(I) Convergent evolution
B. Analogy
(II) Divergent evolution
C. Adaptive Radiation
(III) Darwin's Finches
D. Saltation
(IV) de Vries
Correct Answer: (a)
Standard biological definitions from the text.
Q16. In the Miller-Urey experiment, the temperature maintained was:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 111: S.L. Miller... created electric discharge... at 800°C.
Q17. Which of the following are correct for 'Homologous Organs'? (i) They share a common ancestry. (ii) They represent divergent evolution. (iii) Example includes forelimbs of whales and cheetahs.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 114 defines homology and provides these examples.
Q18. Assertion: de Vries believed that mutations caused speciation.
Reason: Variations for de Vries were small and directional.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 119: Mutations for de Vries were random and directionless; Darwinian variations were small and directional.
Q19. Who demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life using pre-sterilised flasks?
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 111: Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life.
Q20. Assertion: The first mammals were like shrews.
Reason: Their fossils are small sized.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 124: Both are true facts, but size doesn't 'explain' being a shrew.
Q21. Which of the following is correct regarding 'Adaptive Radiation' in Australia? (i) Marsupials evolved from an ancestral stock within the island. (ii) They show convergent evolution with placental mammals. (iii) Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial corresponding to placental wolf.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 117-118 summarizes Australian marsupial evolution.
Q22. Select true statements for 'Divergent Evolution': (i) Same structure developed along different directions. (ii) due to adaptations to different needs. (iii) Indicates common ancestry.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 114 definition of homology and divergent evolution.
Q23. Match the following regarding Miller’s experiment:
A. CH4, H2, NH3, Water vapour
Input gases
B. Electric discharge
Energy source
C. Amino acids
Resulting molecules
Correct Answer: (a)
Components of the experiment (Page 111).
Q24. Stellar distances are measured in:
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 110: Stellar distances are measured in light years.
Q25. Hugo de Vries called 'single step large mutation' as:
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 119: mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation).
Q26. Match the Following ancestors:
A. Dryopithecus
More ape-like
B. Ramapithecus
More man-like
C. Australopithecines
East African grasslands
Correct Answer: (a)
Descriptions from Page 124.
Q27. Identify the correct statements for human evolution: (i) Homo habilis did not eat meat. (ii) Homo erectus had a large brain (900cc). (iii) Neanderthal man buried their dead.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 124-125 lists these characteristics.
Q28. When an original drifted population becomes the source of a new population, it is called:
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 121: The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is called founder effect.
Q29. Identify the correct statements regarding Darwin's Finches: (i) They were observed in Galapagos Islands. (ii) They diversified into insectivorous and vegetarian forms. (iii) They represent an example of adaptive radiation.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 117-118 summarizes the finches' evolutionary story.
Q30. The universe is almost ______ billion years old.
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 111: The universe is very old – almost 13.8 billion years old.
Q31. Assertion: Lichens can be used as industrial pollution indicators.
Reason: They will not grow in areas that are polluted with smoke and soots.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 116: Lichens... will not grow in areas that are polluted.
Q32. Assertion: Natural selection can lead to stabilization.
Reason: In stabilization, more individuals acquire mean character value.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 121: Stabilisation... in which more individuals acquire mean character value.
Q33. Which of the following is correct for 'Homo sapiens'? (i) Arose in Africa. (ii) Developed into distinct races. (iii) Arose during the ice age (75,000-10,000 years ago).
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 125 description of modern humans.
Q34. Assertion: When we see stars, we are apparently looking into the past.
Reason: Stellar distances are measured in light years and take millions of years to reach our eyes.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 110: Emitted light started its journey millions of years back and reach our eyes now.
Q35. Match the human ancestors with their brain capacities:
Ancestor
Brain Capacity
A. Homo habilis
(I) 1400cc
B. Homo erectus
(II) 650-800cc
C. Neanderthal man
(III) 900cc
Correct Answer: (a)
Data from Page 124-125.
Q36. Match the following for fossil types:
Organism
Time of dominance/Event
A. Invertebrates
(I) 350 mya
B. Jawless fish
(II) 500 mya
C. Dinosaurs disappeared
(III) 65 mya
D. Fish like reptiles (Ichthyosaurs)
(IV) 200 mya
Correct Answer: (a)
Data from Page 122-124.
Q37. The sum total of all allelic frequencies in a population according to Hardy-Weinberg is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 120: Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1.
Q38. Who proposed the 'theory of use and disuse' of organs using the example of Giraffes?
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 118-119: A French naturalist Lamarck had said... driven by use and disuse of organs.
Q39. Assertion: Phenylketonuria is caused by mutation in a single gene.
Reason: It is characterized by mental retardation and reduction in hair.
Correct Answer: (a)
The effect (symptoms) does not explain the genetic cause (mutation).
Q40. The study of history of life forms on earth is called:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 110: Evolutionary Biology is the study of history of life forms on earth.
Q41. The evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point is:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 117: Process of evolution of different species... starting from a point and literally radiating... is called adaptive radiation.
Q42. The first cellular forms of life did not possibly originate till about ______ million years ago.
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 112: The first cellular form of life did not possibly originate till about 2000 million years ago.
Q43. Earth was supposed to have been formed about ______ billion years ago.
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 111: Earth was supposed to have been formed about 4.5 billion years back.
Q44. Assertion: Australopithecines essentially ate fruit.
Reason: Evidence shows they hunted with stone weapons.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 124: They hunted but were primarily fruit eaters.
Q45. Agriculture and human settlements started approximately how many years back?
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 125: Agriculture came around 10,000 years back and human settlements started.
Q46. Which of the following phylum/group characteristics is being described? (i) They are viviparous and protect unborn young. (ii) They are more intelligent in sensing danger. (iii) They took over the earth when reptiles came down.
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 124: Mammals were viviparous... more intelligent... took over this earth.
Q47. Regarding 'Mutations' as per de Vries: (i) They are random and directionless. (ii) They are the cause of evolution. (iii) They represent 'saltation'.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 119 explains de Vries's mutation theory.
Q48. Identify true statements for 'Paleontological Evidence': (i) Fossils are remains of hard parts of life-forms. (ii) Fossils in different sedimentary layers indicate the geological period. (iii) study showed life-forms varied over time.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 113 description of fossils and their evidence.
Q49. Assertion: Genetic drift operates in large populations.
Reason: Migration of a section of population causes gene flow.
Correct Answer: (a)
Genetic drift operates in small populations (not explicitly in PDF, but standard; the PDF implies change by chance).
Q50. Fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to:
Correct Answer: (c)
Page 113: The fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness.
Q51. Life appeared ______ million years after the formation of earth.
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 111: Life appeared 500 million years after the formation of earth.
Q52. Which are correct for 'Panspermia'? (i) units of life called spores were transferred to earth. (ii) Idea from early Greek thinkers. (iii) Still a favourite idea for some astronomers.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 111 description of panspermia.
Q53. Assertion: Homology is based on divergent evolution.
Reason: The same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 114: Homology indicates common ancestry and divergent development.
Q54. Assertion: Spontaneous generation theory was dismissed by Louis Pasteur.
Reason: He showed that in pre-sterilised flasks, life did not come from killed yeast.
Q55. Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf-marsupial are examples of:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 118: placental mammals... appears to be 'similar' to a corresponding marsupial... one can call this convergent evolution.
Q56. Assertion: Dinosaurs suddenly disappeared about 65 mya.
Reason: We do not know the true reason for their disappearance.
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 124: The lack of knowledge is the current state, but doesn't 'explain' the biological disappearance.
Q57. Assertion: Ramapithecus was more ape-like.
Reason: Dryopithecus was more man-like.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 124: Ramapithecus was more man-like and Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
Q58. Match the organs with their type:
Organ Pair
Type
A. Thorn of Bougainvillea / Tendril of Cucurbita
(I) Homologous
B. Wings of butterfly and birds
(II) Analogous
C. Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins
(III) Analogous
D. Eye of Octopus and Mammals
(IV) Analogous
Correct Answer: (a)
Examples from Page 114-115.
Q59. Regarding 'Human Genome Project' (HGP) facts mentioned in Unit VII intro: (i) It sequenced the whole human genome. (ii) Involved major contributions from Watson and Crick.
Correct Answer: (a)
Unit intro mentions HGP as a consequence of understanding DNA, and Watson/Crick as earlier contributors to molecular biology (Page 1).
Q60. Match the Hardy-Weinberg terms for a diploid:
Term
Frequency
A. AA
(I) 2pq
B. aa
(II) p^2
C. Aa
(III) q^2
Correct Answer: (a)
Algebraic expressions from Page 121.
Q61. The brain capacity of Homo habilis was:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 124: The brain capacities were between 650-800cc (Homo habilis).
Q62. Assertion: Pre-historic cave art developed about 18,000 years ago.
Reason: Agriculture came around 10,000 years back.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 125: Both are chronological facts.
Q63. Assertion: The ozone layer was formed on early earth.
Reason: Oxygen combined with ammonia and methane to form water and CO2.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 111: The formation of the ozone layer is a separate event from the chemical reactions mentioned, though both are on early earth.
Q64. Assertion: The embryo of all vertebrates develop a row of vestigial gill slits.
Reason: Gill slits are functional organs in all adult vertebrates.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 113: Gill slits are functional organs only in fish.
Q65. Organs that are similar in anatomical structure but perform different functions are:
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 114: Forelimbs... share similarities in pattern of bones... perform different functions... these structures are homologous.
Q66. Which statements regarding 'Industrial Melanism' are true? (i) White moths were more abundant before industrialisation. (ii) Melanic moths survived better on dark trunks after industrialisation. (iii) No variant was completely wiped out.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 115-116 explains the moth population shift in England.
Q67. Identify the correct statements for 'Analogy': (i) Result of convergent evolution. (ii) Different structures evolving for same function. (iii) Example is sweet potato and potato.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 115 describes analogy and provides these examples.
Q68. Match the following for early earth history:
Event
Timeline
A. Formation of Earth
(I) 4 billion years back
B. Appearance of life
(II) 4.5 billion years back
C. First non-cellular life
(III) 2000 million years ago
D. First cellular life
(IV) 3 billion years back
Correct Answer: (a)
Chronological data from Page 111-112.
Q69. Select the correct statements for 'Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium': (i) Allele frequencies are stable in a population. (ii) Gene pool remains constant. (iii) It is affected by five factors including genetic drift and gene flow.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 120-121 defines the principle and the affecting factors.
Q70. Identify correct features of 'Founder Effect': (i) change in allele frequency is so different. (ii) Original drifted population becomes founders. (iii) leads to speciation.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 121 description of founder effect.
Q71. Assertion: Evolution is a stochastic process.
Reason: It is based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in organisms.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 116: Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism.
Q72. Regarding the 'Z-scheme' (from Unit 4 intro, referenced in Evolution PDF): (i) First organisms that invaded land were plants. (ii) Some early cells had the ability to release O2.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 122 mentions these points in the brief account of evolution.
Q73. Assertion: T. rex was about 20 feet in height.
Reason: It had fearsome dagger-like teeth.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 124: Both are physical characteristics of T. rex.
Q74. Assertion: Homo erectus probably ate meat.
Reason: Fossils of Homo erectus were discovered in Java in 1891.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 124: Both are independent facts about Homo erectus.
Q75. The first non-cellular forms of life could have originated ______ billion years back.
Correct Answer: (b)
Page 111: The first non-cellular forms of life could have originated 3 billion years back.
Q76. Which of the following is correct? (i) Evolutionary Biology is the history of life forms. (ii) The universe is 13.8 billion years old. (iii) Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
Correct Answer: (a)
Fundamental introductory facts from the chapter.
Q77. Match the natural selection patterns (Figure 6.8):
Pattern
Effect
A. Stabilising
(I) Peak shifts in one direction
B. Directional
(II) Two peaks form
C. Disruptive
(III) Peak gets higher and narrower
Correct Answer: (a)
Descriptions from Figure 6.8.
Q78. Assertion: Wings of butterfly and birds are analogous structures.
Reason: They are anatomically similar but perform different functions.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 115: They are not anatomically similar but perform similar functions (analogy).
Q79. Assertion: Neanderthal man lived in near east and central Asia.
Reason: They had a brain size of 1400cc.
Correct Answer: (a)
Page 125: Both are true facts about Neanderthals.
Q80. Match the historical timeline:
A. Cave Art
18,000 years back
B. Agriculture
10,000 years back
C. Homo sapiens arose
75,000-10,000 years back
Correct Answer: (a)
Data from Page 125.
Continue in App
For the best quiz experience and detailed performance analytics, download the Master Biology App.