Q1. Assertion: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic.
Reason: Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll a.
Correct Answer: (a)
Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a similar to green plants, allowing them to be photosynthetic.
Q2. Which kingdom includes all prokaryotic organisms?
Correct Answer: (a)
All prokaryotic organisms are grouped together under Kingdom Monera.
Q3. Regarding ascomycetes, which statements are correct? (i) They produce ascospores. (ii) They are mostly multicellular. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
They also reproduce via budding (e.g., Yeast).
Q4. Regarding archaebacteria, which statements are correct? (i) They live in extreme habitats. (ii) They have a different cell wall structure. (iii) They reproduce only by fission.
Correct Answer: (a)
Archaebacteria primarily reproduce by binary fission but can also reproduce by other asexual methods.
Q5. Which of the following is a colonial protist?
Correct Answer: (c)
Volvox is an example of a colonial alga (grouped under Protista/Plantae depending on classification context).
Q6. Regarding Protista, which statements are correct? (i) They are unicellular eukaryotes. (ii) They have a well-defined nucleus. (iii) They reproduce only asexually.
Correct Answer: (a)
Protists reproduce both asexually and sexually by a process involving cell fusion and zygote formation.
Q7. Regarding deuteromycetes, which statements are correct? (i) They are called imperfect fungi. (ii) Only asexual stages are known. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Asexual spores are called conidia, but they also show vegetative reproduction.
Q8. Match the nutrition type in Column-I with example kingdom in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Autotrophic
(I) Plantae
B. Heterotrophic
(II) Animalia
C. Saprophytic
(III) Fungi
D. Parasitic
(IV) Protozoa
Correct Answer: (a)
Plantae are primary autotrophs; Fungi are primary saprophytes.
Q9. Which of the following is a heterotrophic protist?
Correct Answer: (c)
Amoeba is a protozoan and all protozoans are heterotrophs.
Q10. Assertion: Animalia are multicellular and lack cell walls.
Reason: Animal cells store food as glycogen.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are characteristics of Kingdom Animalia, but storage of food doesn't explain the lack of cell walls.
Q11. Regarding phycomycetes, which statements are correct? (i) They are mostly aquatic. (ii) They have aseptate mycelium. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Asexual reproduction occurs via zoospores (motile) or aplanospores (non-motile).
Q12. Match protozoans with disease or group:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Amoeba
(I) Entamoeba (Parasitic)
B. Paramoecium
(II) Ciliate
C. Trypanosoma
(III) Sleeping sickness
D. Plasmodium
(IV) Malaria
Correct Answer: (a)
Disease association for protozoans.
Q13. Regarding plantae, which statements are correct? (i) They are autotrophic. (ii) They have cellulose in their cell walls. (iii) They exhibit alternation of generations.
Correct Answer: (d)
These are diagnostic characteristics of the plant kingdom.
Q14. Regarding Monera, which statements are correct? (i) They are prokaryotic. (ii) They have a well-defined nucleus. (iii) They reproduce mainly by fission.
Correct Answer: (b)
Monerans are prokaryotes and lack a nuclear membrane (well-defined nucleus). Reproduction is mainly by fission.
Q15. Assertion: Fungi are heterotrophic.
Reason: Fungi absorb nutrients from dead substrates.
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi are saprophytic heterotrophs that absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates.
Q16. Match the kingdoms in Column-I with their descriptions in Column-II:
Column-I (Kingdom)
Column-II (Description)
A. Monera
(I) Prokaryotic
B. Protista
(II) Unicellular eukaryotic
C. Fungi
(III) Heterotrophic eukaryotic
D. Plantae
(IV) Autotrophic eukaryotic
Correct Answer: (a)
Monera are prokaryotes; Protista are unicellular eukaryotes; Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes; Plantae are autotrophic.
Q17. Match the Monerans in Column-I with specific examples in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Archaebacteria
(I) Methanogens
B. Eubacteria
(II) Bacillus
C. Cyanobacteria
(III) Nostoc
D. Mycoplasma
(IV) PPLO
Correct Answer: (a)
Methanogens are archaebacteria; Nostoc is a cyanobacterium; Mycoplasma is often called PPLO.
Q18. Match the fungi in Column-I with their examples in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Phycomycetes
(I) Bread mould (Rhizopus)
B. Ascomycetes
(II) Penicillium
C. Basidiomycetes
(III) Mushroom (Agaricus)
D. Deuteromycetes
(IV) Alternaria
Correct Answer: (a)
Examples represent typical fungi from each classification class.
Q19. Match non-living agents with composition:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Virus
(I) Protein + Nucleic acid
B. Viroid
(II) Low molecular weight RNA
C. Prion
(III) Protein only
D. Lichen
(IV) Alga + Fungus
Correct Answer: (a)
Molecular composition of viruses, viroids, and prions.
Q20. Which of the following is a cyanobacterium?
Correct Answer: (d)
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes belonging to Monera.
Q21. Regarding viruses, which statements are correct? (i) They are non-cellular. (ii) They have DNA or RNA. (iii) They reproduce only in host cells.
Correct Answer: (d)
Viruses are non-cellular, contain either DNA or RNA (never both), and are obligate intracellular parasites.
Q22. Match protists withOceanic roles:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Diatoms
(I) Diatomaceous earth
B. Dinoflagellates
(II) Bioluminescence
C. Euglena
(III) Photosynthetic-heterotrophic
D. Slime moulds
(IV) Spore dispersal
Correct Answer: (a)
Features specific to different protist groups.
Q23. Match the agent in Column-I with the disease in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Virus
(I) TMV
B. Viroid
(II) Potato spindle tuber disease
C. Prion
(III) Mad cow disease
D. Lichen
(IV) Pollution indicator
Correct Answer: (a)
TMV is a virus; PSTV is a viroid; Mad cow disease is caused by prions.
Q24. Assertion: Kingdom Fungi includes all heterotrophic eukaryotes.
Reason: Fungi have chitin in their cell walls.
Correct Answer: (b)
Fungi are indeed heterotrophic eukaryotes with chitinous walls, but the presence of chitin isn't the reason why they are heterotrophic.
Q25. The cell wall in fungi is made up of:
Correct Answer: (b)
The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and polysaccharides.
Q26. Regarding dinoflagellates, which statements are correct? (i) They have cellulose plates in their cell walls. (ii) They cause red tides. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Dinoflagellates reproduce mainly by binary fission.
Q27. Regarding fungi, which statements are correct? (i) They are heterotrophic. (ii) They have chitin in their cell walls. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Vegetative reproduction via fragmentation is common in fungi.
Q28. Which of the following is a viroid?
Correct Answer: (d)
Viroids are infectious agents smaller than viruses and are not part of the five kingdoms.
Q29. Match Column-I with Column-II protozoan features:
Correct Answer: (a)
Yeast is a unicellular fungus.
Q31. Assertion: Slime moulds are saprophytic.
Reason: Slime moulds feed on decaying organic matter.
Correct Answer: (a)
Saprophytes by definition feed on decaying organic matter.
Q32. Regarding basidiomycetes, which statements are correct? (i) They produce basidiospores. (ii) They are mostly multicellular. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common in basidiomycetes.
Q33. Assertion: Ascomycetes produce ascospores.
Reason: Ascospores are produced in sac-like asci.
Correct Answer: (a)
Ascomycetes are called sac-fungi because they produce sexual spores called ascospores inside asci.
Q34. Assertion: Viruses are obligate parasites.
Reason: Viruses require a host for replication.
Correct Answer: (a)
Viruses can only replicate inside a living host cell, making them obligate parasites.
Q35. Which kingdom includes unicellular eukaryotes?
Correct Answer: (b)
Kingdom Protista has brought together unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Q36. Which of the following is a photosynthetic protist?
Correct Answer: (c)
Euglena contains chlorophyll and is photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight.
Q37. Which of the following is a euglenoid?
Correct Answer: (c)
Euglena is the representative organism of the euglenoids.
Q38. Match the non-cellular entities in Column-I with their compositions in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Virus
(I) Nucleoprotein
B. Viroid
(II) RNA without protein
C. Prion
(III) Abnormal protein
D. Lichen
(IV) Algae and fungi
Correct Answer: (a)
Viruses are nucleoproteins; Viroids are free RNA; Prions are proteins; Lichens are symbiotic.
Q39. Assertion: Eubacteria are true bacteria.
Reason: Eubacteria have a rigid cell wall.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true, but the definition of 'true bacteria' involves more than just a rigid cell wall.
Q40. Regarding mycoplasma, which statements are correct? (i) They lack a cell wall. (ii) They are the smallest living cells. (iii) They reproduce only by fission.
Correct Answer: (a)
Mycoplasma reproduction is complex, involving budding and elementary bodies as well as fission.
Q41. Assertion: Lichens are symbiotic associations.
Reason: Lichens consist of algae and fungi.
Correct Answer: (a)
Lichens represent a mutually useful association between an alga (phycobiont) and a fungus (mycobiont).
Q42. Match the protists in Column-I with their ecological roles in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Diatoms
(I) Chief producers in oceans
B. Dinoflagellates
(II) Red tides
C. Euglena
(III) Mixotrophic
D. Slime moulds
(IV) Saprophytic
Correct Answer: (a)
Diatoms are the chief producers; Gonyaulax (dinoflagellate) causes red tides.
Q43. Assertion: Basidiomycetes produce basidiospores.
Reason: Basidiospores are produced on basidia.
Correct Answer: (a)
Basidiospores are produced exogenously on the basidium.
Q44. Assertion: Kingdom Monera includes all prokaryotic organisms.
Reason: Prokaryotes lack a well-defined nucleus.
Correct Answer: (a)
Prokaryotes are the sole members of Kingdom Monera and are characterized by the absence of a nuclear membrane.
Q45. Assertion: Kingdom Animalia includes all heterotrophic eukaryotes.
Reason: Animal cells lack cell walls.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true characteristics of Animalia, but lacking a cell wall is not the functional reason for being heterotrophic.
Q46. Regarding Euglena, which statements are correct? (i) They have a pellicle. (ii) They can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Euglena reproduces by longitudinal binary fission.
Q47. Regarding eubacteria, which statements are correct? (i) They are true bacteria. (ii) They have a rigid cell wall. (iii) They reproduce only by fission.
Correct Answer: (a)
Eubacteria also reproduce through a primitive form of DNA transfer (conjugation).
Q48. Match the fungal groups in Column-I with their characteristic spores in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Phycomycetes
(I) Zygospore
B. Ascomycetes
(II) Ascospore
C. Basidiomycetes
(III) Basidiospore
D. Deuteromycetes
(IV) Conidia (Asexual)
Correct Answer: (a)
Each fungal class is characterized by a specific type of sexual or asexual spore.
Q49. Assertion: Viruses are not included in the five kingdoms.
Reason: Viruses lack cellular structure.
Correct Answer: (a)
Whittaker's system is based on cellular organisms; since viruses are non-cellular, they were not included.
Q50. Match nutritional modes:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Autotrophic
(I) Cyanobacteria
B. Heterotrophic
(II) Animals
C. Saprophytic
(III) Mucor
D. Parasitic
(IV) Cuscuta (Plantae)
Correct Answer: (a)
Mucor is a saprophytic fungus; Cuscuta is a parasitic plant.
Q51. R.H. Whittaker proposed the:
Correct Answer: (c)
R.H. Whittaker proposed the Five Kingdom Classification in 1969.
Q52. The cell wall in diatoms is made up of:
Correct Answer: (c)
In diatoms, the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which are embedded with silica.
Q53. Regarding protozoans, which statements are correct? (i) They are heterotrophic. (ii) They move and capture food. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Protozoans reproduce by fission, budding, and sexual methods.
Q54. Which of the following is a bacterium?
Correct Answer: (d)
Bacteria belong to Kingdom Monera. Yeast is a fungus, while Amoeba and Euglena are protists.
Q55. Which of the following is a plant?
Correct Answer: (c)
Chlamydomonas is a unicellular green alga placed under Plantae/Protista.
Q56. Which of the following is a lichen?
Correct Answer: (d)
Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and fungi, not a single kingdom organism.
Q57. Assertion: Euglena can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.
Reason: Euglena has chloroplasts and can move.
Correct Answer: (b)
Euglena is mixotrophic (autotrophic in light, heterotrophic in dark), but movement isn't the reason for this nutrition.
Q58. Match the protozoans in Column-I with their groupings in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Amoeba
(I) Amoeboid protozoan
B. Paramoecium
(II) Ciliated protozoan
C. Trypanosoma
(III) Flagellated protozoan
D. Plasmodium
(IV) Sporozoan
Correct Answer: (a)
These are the four major groups of protozoans.
Q59. Regarding Plantae, which statements are correct? (i) They are autotrophic. (ii) They have cellulose in their cell walls. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Plants reproduce by various means including vegetative propagation and seed formation, not just spores.
Q60. The earliest attempt to classify organisms was made by:
Correct Answer: (b)
Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a scientific classification of organisms using simple morphological characters.
Q61. Match the protists in Column-I with their structural features in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Diatoms
(I) Silica cell wall
B. Dinoflagellates
(II) Cellulose plates
C. Euglena
(III) Pellicle
D. Slime moulds
(IV) Saprophytic
Correct Answer: (a)
Diatoms have silica shells; Dinoflagellates have stiff cellulose plates; Euglenoids have a protein-rich pellicle.
Q62. Which of the following is an animal?
Correct Answer: (b)
Amoeba is a protozoan; protozoans are considered primitive relatives of animals.
Q63. Assertion: Viroids are smaller than viruses.
Reason: Viroids lack protein coat.
Correct Answer: (a)
Viroids consist only of free RNA without the protein coat (capsid) found in viruses, making them smaller.
Q64. Assertion: Phycomycetes are mostly aquatic.
Reason: Phycomycetes have aseptate and coenocytic mycelium.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true characteristics of Phycomycetes, but mycelium structure is not the reason for their aquatic habitat.
Q65. Match fungi with common names:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Phycomycetes
(I) Algal fungi
B. Ascomycetes
(II) Sac fungi
C. Basidiomycetes
(III) Club fungi
D. Deuteromycetes
(IV) Imperfect fungi
Correct Answer: (a)
Common descriptors used for fungal classes.
Q66. Match the fungi in Column-I with their genera in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Phycomycetes
(I) Rhizopus
B. Ascomycetes
(II) Neurospora
C. Basidiomycetes
(III) Ustilago
D. Deuteromycetes
(IV) Colletotrichum
Correct Answer: (a)
Ustilago causes smut; Colletotrichum is an imperfect fungus.
Q67. Regarding slime moulds, which statements are correct? (i) They are saprophytic. (ii) They form plasmodium. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
They reproduce by fragmentation and spores formed in fruiting bodies.
Q68. Match the kingdoms in Column-I with their cell wall types in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Plantae
(I) Cellulose cell wall
B. Animalia
(II) No cell wall
C. Fungi
(III) Chitin cell wall
D. Protista
(IV) Variable cell wall
Correct Answer: (a)
Plants have cellulose; Animals have none; Fungi have chitin.
Q69. Match Column-I with Column-II based on cellular features:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Monera
(I) Prokaryotic nucleus
B. Protista
(II) Eukaryotic nucleus
C. Fungi
(III) Chitinous wall
D. Plantae
(IV) Cellulosic wall
Correct Answer: (a)
Distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and cell wall chemistry.
Q70. Regarding viroids, which statements are correct? (i) They are smaller than viruses. (ii) They have RNA without protein. (iii) They reproduce only in host cells.
Correct Answer: (d)
Viroids are small infectious agents consisting of naked RNA that can only replicate in host cells.
Q71. Which of the following is a mycoplasma?
Correct Answer: (d)
Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall and belong to Kingdom Monera.
Q73. Match the organisms in Column-I with their characteristic features in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Archaebacteria
(I) Extreme habitats
B. Eubacteria
(II) True bacteria
C. Cyanobacteria
(III) Photosynthetic
D. Mycoplasma
(IV) No cell wall
Correct Answer: (a)
Archaebacteria survive in extreme conditions; Eubacteria are true bacteria; Cyanobacteria are autotrophs; Mycoplasma lack cell walls.
Q74. Assertion: Mycoplasma lack a cell wall.
Reason: Mycoplasma are the smallest living cells.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are independent facts about Mycoplasma; being small isn't the reason they lack a wall.
Q75. Assertion: Plantae exhibit alternation of generations.
Reason: Plants have both sporophytic and gametophytic phases.
Correct Answer: (a)
The alternation between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte phases is called alternation of generations.
Q76. Regarding prions, which statements are correct? (i) They are infectious proteins. (ii) They cause neurological diseases. (iii) They reproduce only in host cells.
Correct Answer: (a)
Prions do not 'reproduce' in the genetic sense but cause normal proteins to misfold; they are infectious and cause neurological diseases like BSE.
Q77. Match Column-I with Column-II characteristics:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Virus
(I) Beijerinck (Contagium vivum fluidum)
B. Viroid
(II) T.O. Diener
C. Prion
(III) Mad cow disease
D. Lichen
(IV) Symbiotic
Correct Answer: (a)
Scientists and associated features for non-cellular entities.
Q78. The main criteria for Whittaker's classification are:
Correct Answer: (a)
Whittaker used cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships as the main criteria.
Q79. Match Column-I with Column-II criteria:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Monera
(I) Prokaryote
B. Protista
(II) Unicellular Eukaryote
C. Fungi
(III) Chitin wall
D. Plantae
(IV) Autotroph
Correct Answer: (a)
Standard classification summary.
Q80. Regarding animalia, which statements are correct? (i) They are heterotrophic. (ii) They lack cell walls. (iii) They reproduce by copulation.
Correct Answer: (d)
Animals are holozoic heterotrophs, lack walls, and sexually reproduce through copulation followed by embryological development.
Q81. Match Column-I with Column-II features:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Diatoms
(I) Diatomaceous earth
B. Dinoflagellates
(II) Red tides
C. Euglena
(III) Pellicle
D. Slime moulds
(IV) Plasmodium formation
Correct Answer: (a)
Diatoms leave silica deposits; Slime moulds form an aggregation called plasmodium.
Q82. Assertion: Archaebacteria live in extreme habitats.
Reason: Archaebacteria have a different cell wall structure.
Correct Answer: (a)
The different cell wall structure of archaebacteria is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.
Q83. Assertion: Protozoans are heterotrophic.
Reason: Protozoans move and capture food.
Correct Answer: (b)
All protozoans are heterotrophs, and many move to capture food, but movement doesn't define heterotrophy.
Q84. Regarding Fungi, which statements are correct? (i) They are heterotrophic. (ii) They have chitin in their cell walls. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Fungi also reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation, fission, and budding, not only by spores.
Q85. Regarding lichens, which statements are correct? (i) They are symbiotic associations. (ii) They consist of algae and fungi. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Lichens reproduce by fragmentation or by soredia/isidia, as well as fungal spores.
Q86. Assertion: Diatoms have silica in their cell walls.
Reason: Diatoms are found in oceans.
Correct Answer: (b)
Diatoms are indeed found in oceans (chief producers), and they have silica walls, but one doesn't explain the other.
Q87. Which of the following is a parasitic protist?
Correct Answer: (c)
Trypanosoma is a flagellated protozoan that is parasitic and causes sleeping sickness.
Q88. Which of the following is a virus?
Correct Answer: (d)
Viruses are non-cellular organisms and are not included in Whittaker's Five Kingdom classification.
Q89. The two-kingdom system of classification included:
Correct Answer: (c)
Linnaeus classified organisms into two kingdoms: Plantae and Animalia.
Q90. Regarding cyanobacteria, which statements are correct? (i) They are photosynthetic. (ii) They have chlorophyll a. (iii) They reproduce only by fission.
Correct Answer: (a)
Cyanobacteria also show reproduction through fragmentation in filamentous forms like Nostoc.
Q91. Which of the following is a saprophytic protist?
Correct Answer: (b)
Slime moulds are saprophytic protists that move along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material.
Q92. Regarding diatoms, which statements are correct? (i) They have silica in their cell walls. (ii) They are chief producers in oceans. (iii) They reproduce only by spores.
Correct Answer: (a)
Diatoms reproduce primarily by binary fission and sexual reproduction, not just spores.
Q93. Which of the following is a dinoflagellate?
Correct Answer: (d)
Dinoflagellates are marine photosynthetic protists.
Q94. Regarding Animalia, which statements are correct? (i) They are heterotrophic. (ii) They lack cell walls. (iii) They reproduce only by copulation.
Correct Answer: (a)
While sexual reproduction by copulation is standard, 'only' is incorrect as primitive animals show other forms.
Q95. Assertion: Kingdom Plantae includes all autotrophic eukaryotes.
Reason: Plant cells have chloroplasts.
Correct Answer: (a)
Plantae includes eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing organisms (autotrophs) that use chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Q96. Match the protozoans in Column-I with their locomotory structures in Column-II:
Column-I
Column-II
A. Amoeba
(I) Pseudopodia
B. Paramoecium
(II) Cilia
C. Trypanosoma
(III) Flagella
D. Plasmodium
(IV) Sporozoan (Infectious stage)
Correct Answer: (a)
Amoeba uses pseudopodia; Paramoecium uses cilia; Trypanosoma uses flagella; Plasmodium is a sporozoan.
Q97. Assertion: Kingdom Protista includes all unicellular eukaryotes.
Reason: Unicellular eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus.
Correct Answer: (b)
Both are true. Protista includes unicellular eukaryotes, which by definition have a nucleus, but the nucleus isn't the reason they are grouped in Protista (the reason is their unicellular nature).
Q98. Assertion: Deuteromycetes are called imperfect fungi.
Reason: Only asexual stages are known.
Correct Answer: (a)
They are called imperfect because the sexual (perfect) stage is unknown for these fungi.
Q99. Which of the following is a prion?
Correct Answer: (d)
Prions are abnormally folded infectious proteins, excluded from the five kingdom system.
Q100. Assertion: Prions are infectious agents.
Reason: Prions consist of abnormally folded proteins.
Correct Answer: (a)
Prions are indeed infectious proteins that cause neurological diseases.
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