Q1. In printed scientific names, only the ______ is capitalized.
Correct Answer: (c)
According to nomenclature rules, the Genus starts with a capital letter, species with small.
Q2. Which one of the following taxonomical aid is used for identification of plants and animals based on similarities and dissimilarities?
Correct Answer: (b)
Keys use contrasting characters for identification.
Q3. "X" being a higher category is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few "Y" characters. The "Z" characters are less in a number as compared to different genera included in a family. Identify "X", "Y", and "Z".
Correct Answer: (a)
Order (X) is an assemblage of families. Character similarity (Y and Z) decreases as we go higher.
Q4. As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics
Correct Answer: (a)
Species has the most specific characters; Kingdom has the fewest shared characters.
Q5. Systematics refers to the:
Correct Answer: (c)
Systematics includes taxonomy plus evolutionary relationships (phylogeny).
Q6. Match column-I (Biological name) with column-II (Class):
Correct Answer: (c)
Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with the diversity of organisms and their comparative and evolutionary relationships.
Q8. Match the following entities of column I with their respective orders of column II:
Q9. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the various steps of Herbarium formation? (A) Drying (B) Poisoning (C) Collection (D) Labelling (E) Mounting (F) Deposition (G) Stitching
Q10. Which two points are known as the twin characteristics of growth? (i) Increase in mass (ii) Differentiation (iii) Increase in number of individuals (iv) Response to stimuli
Correct Answer: (d)
Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals are defined as twin characteristics of growth.
Q11. Which of the following taxa are not used by botanists?
Correct Answer: (b)
Botanists use 'Division' instead of 'Phylum'.
Q12. Match column I with column II and choose the correct option.
Q13. The branch of biology which deals with the study of identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Taxonomy is the science of classification, identification, and naming.
Q14. In majority of higher animals and plants, _____ and _____ are mutually exclusive events:
Correct Answer: (c)
In higher organisms, growth and reproduction are separate processes, whereas in unicellular organisms, they are synonymous.
Q15. The taxonomic unit 'Phylum' in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchial level in classification of plants.
Correct Answer: (c)
In the plant kingdom, the term 'Division' is used as the equivalent hierarchical level to 'Phylum' used in the animal kingdom.
Q16. Non-living objects- (i) Grows from external surface by collecting substance on it. (ii) Grows from internal surface like living. (iii) Do not grow at all. Which of the following option is correct?
Correct Answer: (a)
Non-living growth (accretion) is strictly external.
Q17. Which of the following is not a characteristic of life?
Correct Answer: (d)
Reproduction, organization, and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of life. Differentiation is a developmental process but not a defining characteristic used to distinguish life from non-life.
Q18. Which of the following statement(s) regarding nomenclature is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (d)
All these are universal rules of binomial nomenclature.
Q19. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of living organisms?
Correct Answer: (d)
Consciousness or the response to external stimuli is a defining property of all living organisms, whereas growth and reproduction can have exceptions or occur in non-living things (in the case of growth).
Q21. The famous botanical garden ‘Kew’ is located in
Correct Answer: (a)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is in London, England.
Q22. The fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by _____.
Correct Answer: (d)
Fragmentation is a common method of asexual reproduction in filamentous organisms like fungi and algae.
Q23. Which of the following taxonomic aid provides information for the identification of names of species found in an area?
Correct Answer: (b)
Manuals provide information for identification of names of species in an area.
Q24. One of the most important functions of botanical gardens is that:
Correct Answer: (c)
Botanical gardens serve for ex-situ conservation and scientific research.
Q25. Binomial nomenclature means:
Correct Answer: (b)
Binomial (two-names) system uses Genus and Species.
Q26. Taxonomic hierarchy refers to:
Correct Answer: (a)
It is the sequence of categories in descending order.
Q27. Each category of taxonomic hierarchy refers to as a unit of ______.
Correct Answer: (d)
Each rank or level in the hierarchy is a unit of classification.
Q28. Who among the following is known as 'The Darwin of the 20th century'?
Correct Answer: (b)
Ernst Mayr was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists and is often called the Darwin of the 20th century.
Q29. Consider the following statements: (i) Growth can be taken as a defining property of living organisms. (ii) Non-living objects also grow if we take increase in body mass as a criterion for growth. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (b)
Growth is not a defining property because non-living objects like mountains or sand dunes can 'grow' by external accumulation of matter. Only statement (ii) is correct.
Q30. Which of the following characters given below displays the description of lowest taxonomic category of organisms in the plant and animal kingdom?
Correct Answer: (d)
Species is the lowest category, defined by close similarity and interbreeding.
Q31. Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature?
Correct Answer: (a)
According to international codes, biological names are always derived from Latin or are Latinized, regardless of their origin.
Q32. The total sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body is known as:
Correct Answer: (a)
Metabolism is the sum total of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in a living system.
Q33. Which of the following statements regarding growth is incorrect?
Correct Answer: (c)
In animals, growth by cell division occurs only up to a certain age to reach maturity, though it continues in certain tissues to replace lost cells.
Q34. Which of the following organisms is not correctly matched with its particular ?
Correct Answer: (c)
Felidae is a Family, not a genus. The genus for cats is Felis.
Q35. In unicellular organisms, with respect to growth and reproduction following can be true. (i) Growth and Reproduction are inclusive events. (ii) unicellular organisms grow by cell division. (iii) Both are exclusive
Correct Answer: (c)
For unicellular organisms, cell division is both growth (increase in number) and reproduction.
Q36. Which of the following is 'Domain' taxon.
Correct Answer: (a)
In the three-domain system, Bacteria is a domain.
Q37. ICBN stands for:
Correct Answer: (a)
It is the set of rules for naming plants.
Q38. The keys are based on contrasting characters generally in a pair called _______.
Correct Answer: (b)
A pair of contrasting characters in a key is called a Couplet.
Q39. Taxonomic key is one of the taxonomic tools in the identification and classification of plants and animals. It is used in the preparation of:
Correct Answer: (c)
Taxonomic keys are analytical tools used to identify organisms, which are essential in preparing both Floras (descriptions of plants in an area) and Monographs (comprehensive accounts of a taxon).
Q40. In angiosperm, characters of flowers are used in classification because:
Correct Answer: (c)
Reproductive parts (flowers) are more stable and less affected by the environment than vegetative parts.
Q41. Each statement in the key is called _______.
Correct Answer: (a)
Each statement in a taxonomic key is known as a Lead.
Q42. Which of the following shows the correct example of taxonomic category - Genus?
Correct Answer: (a)
Solanum is the Genus for potato, tomato, and brinjal.
Q43. Families are characterized on which of the following features of plant species?
Correct Answer: (c)
Plant families are characterized using both vegetative and reproductive traits.
Q44. In the given columns, column I contains the terms and column II contains its description. Select the correct match:
Column I
Column II
A. Growth
I. Production of offspring.
B. Reproduction
II. Composed of one or more cells.
C. Metabolism
III. Increase in mass and increase in number.
D. Cellular organization
IV. Sum of all chemical reactions occurring in body.
Correct Answer: (c)
Growth is increase in mass/number; Reproduction is offspring production; Metabolism is chemical reactions; Cellular org is cell composition.
Q45. Select the correct taxonomic aids match:
Column I
Column II
A. Herbarium
I. Specimens can be easily classified on observable characters.
B. Botanical garden
II. Preserved specimens on sheets/store house.
C. Museum
III. Set up in educational institutes.
D. Zoological Park
IV. Includes animals which are identified based on their aggregates of characters.
E. Key
V. All animals provided similar conditions to their natural habitat.
VIII. It identifies animals and plants on basis of similarities and dissimilarities.
Q46. Identify the correct sequence of taxonomic categories.
Correct Answer: (c)
The standard order is Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom.
Q47. Which of the following option is correct?
Correct Answer: (c)
In living organisms, growth occurs from within (intrinsic), whereas non-living things like mountains grow by accumulation of material on the surface (extrinsic).
Q48. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Correct Answer: (b)
Organisms in the same genus are very closely related, not 'least'.
Q49. Cell division occurs _____ in plants and _____ in animals.
Correct Answer: (a)
Plants show indeterminate growth (continuous), while animals show determinate growth (up to a certain age).
Q50. Which of the following is the true statement and choose the right answer from the option given below: (i) Scientific name of human beings is Homo sapiens. (ii) Genera Plantarum is written by John Ray. (iii) Highest taxonomic categories is division. (iv) Taxonomic group of any rank is taxon. (v) A group of closely related species of organism represent genus. (vi) The term ‘systematic’ was coined by de Candolle.
Correct Answer: (b)
Statements (i), (iv), and (v) are correct. (ii) is false as Bentham and Hooker wrote Genera Plantarum; (iii) is false as Kingdom is the highest category; (vi) is false as Linnaeus coined the term systematics.
Q51. Which of the following 'suffixes' used for units of classification in plants indicates a taxonomic category of 'family'?
Correct Answer: (c)
In plant nomenclature, the suffix '-aceae' is used for the taxonomic category of family (e.g., Solanaceae).
Q52. Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to the same species if they:
Correct Answer: (b)
The biological species concept defines species as organisms that can interbreed.
Q53. The earliest classifications used by the humans were based on the:
Correct Answer: (c)
Early humans classified organisms based on their basic needs—food, shelter, and clothing (Use).
Q54. Herbarium is a
Correct Answer: (c)
A herbarium is essentially a 'dry garden' or collection of dried, pressed plants.
Q55. 'Taxa' differs from 'taxon' due to being:
Correct Answer: (c)
Taxon is singular; Taxa is plural.
Q56. Study the following statements regarding the preparation of herbarium sheets. (i) Plant should be collected in flowering stage. (ii) Every detail regarding the plant such as locality, ecological conditions, vegetative and floral characters and so on should be noted. (iii) Plants are evenly pressed by unfolding all the plant parts between blotting papers (or newspapers) with the help of plant pressers. (iv) Blotting papers need not be changed until the plant gets dried. (v) After drying, the plant specimens is carefully mounted / pasted on the herbarium sheets. (vi) The herbarium sheet is labelled on the lower right hand corner representing the number of plant specimen, date of collection and so on. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (b)
According to the provided answer key, (iv) is selected, though in standard practice statement (iv) is incorrect as blotting papers must be changed to prevent rot, and statements (i), (ii), (iii), (v), and (vi) are actually correct.
Q57. In biosystematics, the basis of classification is:
Correct Answer: (c)
Biosystematics aims at classification based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) and genetic traits rather than just morphology.
Q58. Mark the incorrect statement in the following
Correct Answer: (a)
While ecologically organisms interact, technically a single organism can be kept in isolation in a controlled environment; hence it is the most subjective/incorrect statement here.
Q59. Which one of the taxonomic aids can give comprehensive account of complete compiled information of any one genus or family at a particular time?
Correct Answer: (d)
A Monograph contains information on any one taxon (like a family or genus).
Q60. Which of the following factors exclusively affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals?
Correct Answer: (c)
Photoperiod (duration of light) triggers reproductive cycles in seasonal breeders.
Q61. Which one of the following animals is correctly matched with its particular named taxonomic category ?
Correct Answer: (a)
Panthera tigris: tigris is the species. Mollusca is a Phylum, Primata is an Order, Musca is a Genus.
Q62. The common characteristics between tomato and potato will be maximum at the level of their__________.
Correct Answer: (b)
They belong to different genera (Solanum) but the same family (Solanaceae). Shared characters are higher at lower levels.
Q63. As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics:
Correct Answer: (a)
Common characteristics are maximum at the species level and decrease as we move up the hierarchy towards the kingdom.
Q64. Which of the following are unique features of living organisms?
Correct Answer: (d)
All mentioned features combined characterize life, though metabolism and consciousness are defining features.
Q65. In taxonomy 'series' is a group of:
Correct Answer: (c)
Series is an intermediate category often used to group related families in botany.
Q66. True species are
Correct Answer: (d)
The biological concept of species emphasizes reproductive isolation; members of a species breed with each other but are isolated from other species.
Q67. Consider the given features and choose the correct one from the options given below with respect to living beings. (i) They reproduce. (ii) They metabolise. (iii) They have cellular organisation. (iv) They have ability to respond to stimuli.
Correct Answer: (d)
Reproduction, metabolism, cellular organization, and responsiveness are all characteristic features of living organisms.
Q68. Study the following statements and select the correct description of botanical garden: (i) Plant species are grown for identification purposes. (ii) Labelling of each plant consists of its botanical name/ scientific name and its family. (iii) Specimens are preserved in the jars and containers. (iv) It is a type of storehouse which contains dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens on sheet. (v) Plant specimen contains a labelling of information about date and place of collection.
Correct Answer: (a)
Statements (iii), (iv), and (v) refer to Museums or Herbaria, not Botanical Gardens.
Q69. Which of the following taxonomic category of housefly is incorrectly matched?
Correct Answer: (c)
The order of housefly is Diptera. Primata is the order for humans/monkeys.
Q70. Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I
Column II
A. Herbarium
(i) It is a place having collection of preserved plants and animals
B. Key
(ii) A list that enumerates methodically all the species found in an area with brief description aiding identification
C. Museum
(iii) Is a place where dried and pressed plant specimens mounted on sheets are kept
D. Catalogue
(iv) A booklet containing a list of characters and their alternates which are helpful in identification of various taxa.
Correct Answer: (c)
Herbarium=Dried/pressed specimens, Key=Identification booklet with couplets, Museum=Preserved collections, Catalogue=Methodical list of species.
Q71. Indian Botanical Garden Howrah, Kolkata is famous for:
Correct Answer: (b)
The Great Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the main attraction of the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden.
Q72. Which of the following taxonomic categories is being described by the given statements (i-iii) ? (i) It is the basic unit of classification. (ii) It is defined as the group of individuals which resemble in their morphological and reproductive characters and interbreed among themselves. (iii) Human beings belong to the species sapiens.
Correct Answer: (a)
These describe the Species category.
Q73. Which of the following term is used to refer the number of varieties of plants and animals on earth ?
Correct Answer: (c)
Biodiversity is the term for the variety and number of species on Earth.
Q74. Match the taxonomic categories given in column I with their feature given in column II.
Column I
Column II
A. Taxon
I. Basic unit of classification
B. Species
II. A taxonomic group of any rank
C. Phylum
III. Division is the same category in plants
D. Genus
IV. Identified based on a number of similar characters
E. Order
V. Group of related species
Correct Answer: (c)
Taxon is any rank; Species is basic; Genus is related species; Order is based on similar characters.
Q75. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not correct ? (i) Reproduction is the production of progeny possessing features dissimilar to their parents. (ii) The fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses, all multiply by budding. (iii) Many organisms like mules, sterile worker bees do not reproduce. (iv) Reproduction is not an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
Correct Answer: (b)
Statement (i) is wrong (progeny are similar) and (ii) is wrong (they multiply by fragmentation).
Q76. Amongst the given taxonomic aids, how many are associated with preservation of specimens? Monograph, Flora, Key, Museums, Botanical Gardens, Catalogue, Herbarium, Manual
Correct Answer: (c)
Only Museums and Herbarium involve the actual physical preservation of specimens.
Q77. Which one of the following statement(s) is/are correct about biodiversity ?
Correct Answer: (d)
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life; ~1.7-1.8 million species are currently cataloged.
Q78. Which of the following statements regarding growth is incorrect?
Correct Answer: (a)
Plants grow continuously throughout their life (meristematic activity).
Q79. Match the following and choose the correct option:
Q80. It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because
Correct Answer: (b)
Small animals have a higher basal metabolic rate per gram of body weight, allowing them to generate energy more rapidly for strenuous activities like running uphill.
Q81. The taxonomic unit 'phylum' in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchial level in classification of plants?
Correct Answer: (c)
Plants use 'Division' instead of 'Phylum'.
Q82. Mark the odd one in the followings:
Correct Answer: (c)
Family, Class, and Phylum are categories; Taxon is a general term for any level group.
Q83. Read the following statements: (i) Lower the taxon, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share. (ii) Order is the assemblage of genera which exhibit a few similar characters. (iii) Cat and dog are included in the same family Felidae. (iv) Binomial Nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus. Which of the following statements are NOT correct?
Correct Answer: (d)
Statement (ii) is wrong because Order is an assemblage of families, not genera. Statement (iii) is wrong because dogs belong to family Canidae, not Felidae.
Q84. Select the correctly written scientific name of Mango which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus:
Correct Answer: (b)
The scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica. Since Linnaeus described it, his name (abbreviated as 'Linn.') is written after the specific epithet.
Q85. Which of the following statement is correct for Metabolism?
Correct Answer: (d)
All statements describe metabolism correctly; isolated reactions are living reactions but not a 'living thing'.
Q86. Choose the correct arrangement of taxonomic hierarchy:
Correct Answer: (b)
Class is higher than cohort (equivalent to order in some old systems), followed by family and genus.
Q87. Which chemical is used for specimen of herbaria to prevent fungal attack?
Correct Answer: (d)
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is used as an antifungal treatment in herbaria.
Q88. Select the correct statements (i-iv) regarding taxonomic categories. (i) Each step or rank in hierarchy is called taxonomic category. (ii) Species is a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities capable of breeding among themselves. (iii) Taxonomic studies of all unknown organisms have led to the development of common categories like kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus and species. (iv) Lower the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.
Correct Answer: (c)
Statement (iv) is wrong; higher the category, greater the difficulty.
Q89. Botanical gardens and Zoological parks have:
Correct Answer: (c)
These specialized places maintain collections of both local (endemic) and foreign (exotic) living species for identification and study.
Q90. Which of the following statements are correct? (i) Genus comprises a group of related species. (ii) Taxon represents a taxonomic group of individual organisms. (iii) Family comprises a group of related genera. (iv) Taxonomic category class includes related orders.
Correct Answer: (c)
Statement (ii) is slightly incorrect as a taxon is a group (unit) of organisms, not just the individuals themselves.
Q91. The practical purpose of classification of living organisms is to:
Correct Answer: (d)
Classification allows us to easily identify and study new or known organisms.
Q92. Select the correct statement from the following statements. (i) Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals are twin characteristics of growth. (ii) Metabolic reactions can also be demonstrated outside the body in isolated cell-free systems. (iii) ‘Response to stimuli’ is a defining property of living organisms.
Correct Answer: (d)
All three statements are fundamental biological principles regarding growth, metabolism, and consciousness (response to stimuli).
Q93. Which one of the taxonomic aids can give comprehensive account of complete compiled information of any one genus or family at a particular time?
Correct Answer: (d)
Duplicate of Q69; Monograph is the correct term for single-taxon accounts.
Q94. Genus represents:
Correct Answer: (c)
A genus is a taxonomic category that comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.
Q95. Which of the following taxonomical aids is being described by the given statements (i-iv) ? (i) They generally established in educational institutes. (ii) They have collections of preserved plant and animal specimens for study and reference. (iii) Insects are preserved in boxes after collecting, killing and pinning. (iv) They often have collections of skeletons of animals too.
Correct Answer: (b)
These features are characteristic of biological museums in schools and colleges.
Q96. Which of the following statement is correct about herbarium?
Correct Answer: (d)
All these are standard functions and definitions of a herbarium.
Q97. Match the common name given in column I with their taxonomic category order in column II:
Q98. Which of the following is not a taxon but category?
Correct Answer: (a)
Division is an abstract level (category); Angiosperms/Dicotyledons are actual groups of organisms (taxa).
Q99. Tanvi bought ten items from the supermarket, which are wheat, bananas, mushrooms, onions, Porphyra (Laver), Kelps, Pine seeds, Sphagnum moss, lady's fingers and potatoes. Based on hierarchial classification, how many different phyla/ divisions do these items belong to?
Correct Answer: (c)
The items belong to 5 divisions/phyla: Angiosperms (Wheat, Banana, Onion, Lady's finger, Potato), Fungi (Mushroom), Algae (Porphyra, Kelps), Gymnosperms (Pine), and Bryophytes (Sphagnum).
Q100. Refer the botanical name of wheat "Triticum aestivum" and identify the statement which correctly describes it.
Correct Answer: (c)
In binomial nomenclature, the first word is the Genus (Capitalized).
Q101. Consider following diagram and fill the following blank spaces/boxes: [ A ] → Genus → Family → [ B ] → Class → Phylum/Division → [ C ]
Correct Answer: (b)
A is the lowest (Species), B is between Family and Class (Order), C is the highest (Kingdom).
Q102. Consider the following statements: (i) Cellular organisation of the body is the defining feature of life forms. (ii) Reproduction can be an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (a)
Cellular organization is a defining feature. Reproduction is not a defining characteristic because some living organisms (like mules or sterile worker bees) do not reproduce.
Q103. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not correct ? (i) Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera. (ii) Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura and Petunia are placed in the family malvaceae. (iii) In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters are assigned to a higher category called phylum.
Correct Answer: (c)
Solanum/Datura/Petunia are in Solanaceae (not Malvaceae). Plants use 'Division', not 'Phylum'.
Q104. All living organisms are linked to one another because:
Correct Answer: (d)
All living organisms share fundamental characteristics like cellular organization and genetic material (DNA), though the genetic sequence varies among different species.
Q105. Choose the correct one: (i) Growth cannot be taken as a defining property of living organism. (ii) Dead organism does not grow. (iii) Reproduction cannot be an all inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms. (iv) No non-living object is capable of replicating itself. (v) Metabolism in a test tube is non-living. (vi) Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms.
Correct Answer: (b)
Metabolic reactions in a test tube (in vitro) are considered living reactions, not non-living things, hence statement (v) is incorrect while all others are correct.
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