Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis is the fundamental biological process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, stored in the bonds of organic molecules like glucose. It is the primary source of organic matter and oxygen for almost all life on Earth, forming the base of nearly every food chain. 1. Photosynthesis […]

Photosynthesis is the engine of life on Earth, but its rate is not constant. It is controlled by a complex interplay of external and internal factors that can either accelerate or limit the process. Understanding these factors is crucial in fields ranging from agriculture and forestry to climate science. These factors are often categorized into

Photosynthesis is the process that powers life on Earth, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food. However, a critical enzyme involved in this process, Rubisco, has a flaw: it can be fooled by oxygen, leading to a wasteful process called photorespiration. To overcome this challenge, plants have evolved three distinct biochemical pathways: C3, C4,

1 Introduction Plant growth is defined as a permanent, irreversible process that increases the size and volume of a plant through cell division and enlargement. In contrast, plant development refers to the entire sequence of changes that occur throughout the plant’s life cycle, from seed germination to senescence. Growth is primarily quantitative (measurable changes in

1. Introduction to Plant Respiration While photosynthesis is celebrated as the process that fuels life on Earth, its essential counterpart is respiration. Plant respiration is the fundamental metabolic process by which cells break down complex organic molecules, such as glucose, to release the energy required for growth, development, nutrient uptake, and repair. Unlike photosynthesis, which