Q1. Which of the following gymnosperms possesses a form of vascular tissue similar to that found in angiosperms?
Correct Answer: (b)
Gnetophytes possess vessel elements in their xylem, a feature otherwise characteristic of angiosperms, making them anatomically unique among gymnosperms.
Q2. In a pine tree, the microspores and megaspores are produced by the process of
Correct Answer: (d)
Microspores and megaspores are formed through meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number and produces haploid spores necessary for sexual reproduction.
Q3. Reproduction in angiosperms can occur more quickly than in gymnosperms because
Correct Answer: (c)
Angiosperm pollen tubes grow rapidly, allowing faster fertilization compared to gymnosperms, where fertilization may take much longer.
Q4. The pericarp is the
Correct Answer: (a)
The pericarp is the mature ovary wall that develops after fertilization and forms the outer layers of the fruit.
Q5. Which of the following potentially represents the oldest known living species of angiosperm?
Correct Answer: (d)
Amborella is considered the most basal living angiosperm lineage, providing key insights into the earliest flowering plants.
Q6. An example of a drupe is a
Correct Answer: (b)
A drupe is a fleshy fruit with a hard inner stone enclosing the seed. Plum is a classic example, whereas strawberry and pineapple are accessory fruits.
Q7. The integuments of an ovule will develop into the
Correct Answer: (d)
After fertilization, the integuments surrounding the ovule harden and develop into the seed coat, providing protection to the developing seed.
Q8. Which of the following terms is NOT associated with a male part of a plant?
Correct Answer: (a)
Megaspores develop into female gametophytes. Male reproductive structures include microspores, pollen grains, and antheridia.
Q9. Comparing stems of two plant specimens under the microscope, you identify vessels in only one specimen and conclude the specimen
Correct Answer: (a)
Vessel elements are characteristic of angiosperms and are also found in gnetophytes, but not in most other plant groups.
Q10. Which of the following adaptations allows plants to pause their life cycle until environmental conditions are optimal?
Correct Answer: (c)
Seeds allow plants to remain dormant during unfavorable conditions. The embryo is protected and resumes growth only when conditions such as moisture and temperature become favorable.
Q11. Fruits are complex organs specialized for dispersal of seeds. Which of the following plant tissues does NOT contribute to mature fruit?
Correct Answer: (d)
Mature fruit is formed from sporophytic tissues of the previous generation. Gametophytic tissue from the next generation does not contribute to fruit structure.
Q12. The lack of seeds is a characteristic of all
Correct Answer: (a)
Lycophytes are seedless vascular plants. They reproduce via spores rather than seeds, which distinguishes them from seed-producing gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Q13. In a flower after fertilization, the following tissues are diploid:
Correct Answer: (a)
Carpel, integuments, and megaspore mother cell are all diploid sporophytic tissues. Endosperm is triploid, while megaspore is haploid.
Q14. In double fertilization, one sperm produces a diploid ___, and the other produces a triploid ___
Correct Answer: (a)
One sperm fertilizes the egg to form the diploid zygote, while the other fuses with the polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm.
Q15. Which of the following innovations likely contributed to the tremendous success of angiosperms?
Correct Answer: (b)
Fruits enhance seed dispersal by attracting animals, which carry seeds over long distances, increasing survival and colonization success.
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